{"id":"n-33a7ac25a5865eb2","revision":0,"first_index":0,"fingerprint":"f6-b87d7959dbf825bd","name":"theta_plus_one of Delannoy paths counted by number of weak peaks.","polytool_family":null,"interpretation":null,"rows_observed":15,"degree_pattern":"affine","degree_slope":1,"degree_intercept":2,"palindromic":0,"gamma_positive":0,"nonnegative":1,"rr_by_factors":false,"rows":[["1","16","12"],["1","36","108","32"],["1","64","432","512","80"],["1","100","1200","3200","2000","192"],["1","144","2700","12800","18000","6912","448"],["1","196","5292","39200","98000","84672","21952","1024"],["1","256","9408","100352","392000","602112","351232","65536","2304"],["1","324","15552","225792","1270080","3048192","3161088","1327104","186624","5120"],["1","400","24300","460800","3528000","12192768","19756800","14745600","4665600","512000","11264"],["1","484","36300","871200","8712000","40981248","95622912","111513600","62726400","15488000","1362944","24576"],["1","576","52272","1548800","19602000","120434688","382491648","642318336","564537600","247808000","49065984","3538944","53248"],["1","676","73008","2617472","40898000","318022848","1319205888","3015327744","3816274176","2617472000","921350144","149520384","8998912","114688"],["1","784","99372","4239872","80160080","769536768","4040068032","12061310976","20777492736","20520980480","11286539264","3256221696","440946688","22478848","245760"],["1","900","132300","6624800","149058000","1731457728","11222411200","42403046400","95406854400","128256128000","101578853376","45790617600","11023667200","1264435200","55296000","524288"],["1","1024","172800","10035200","264992000","3663249408","28729372672","134014566400","381627417600","670072832000","722338512896","468895924224","176378675200","35966156800","3538944000","134217728","1114112"]],"degrees":[2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16],"row_sums":["29","177","1089","6693","41005","250337","1523201","9239877","55897533","337339665","2031452097","12209875941","73260321357","438889107393","2625636184065"],"nonn":true,"definitions":[{"position":0,"source":"derived:theta_plus_one","source_kind":"derived","equality_edge_id":null,"recurrence":{"first_index":0,"initial_polynomials":[["1","16","12"]],"recurrence":{"denominator":{"coeffs":[["-2","16"],["-1","24"],["0","12"],["0","2"]]},"terms":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["-2","0","104"],["-1","12","164"],["0","12","80"],["0","2","12"]]},"deriv_order":0,"offset":1,"sign":"none"},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","-2","32","-56"],["0","0","22","-44"],["0","0","4","-8"]]},"deriv_order":1,"offset":1,"sign":"none"}]},"schema":"polytool.recurrence.v1"}}],"properties":[{"id":183340,"position":0,"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region_key":"(-inf, 0]","provenance":"edges","claim_data":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},"label":"Real-rooted","description":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]","region_exact":null,"edges":["e-252d74b751e01a16"]},{"id":183341,"position":1,"claim":"one_signed_coefficients","from_index":0,"region_key":null,"provenance":"derived_from_edges","claim_data":{"alternating":false,"claim":"one_signed_coefficients","from_index":0},"label":"Coefficients of one sign","description":"Every nonzero row, n >= 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign","region_exact":null,"edges":["e-252d74b751e01a16"]},{"id":183342,"position":2,"claim":"hadamard_kernel","from_index":0,"region_key":null,"provenance":"derived_from_edges","claim_data":{"claim":"hadamard_kernel","from_index":0},"label":"Hadamard kernel (Malo)","description":"Rows P_n, n >= 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)","region_exact":null,"edges":["e-252d74b751e01a16"]},{"id":183343,"position":3,"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"region_key":null,"provenance":"edges","claim_data":{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"kind":"weak","orientation":"unordered"},"label":"Interlacing of consecutive rows","description":"Rows P_(m-1), P_m interlace (weak, unordered) for every m >= 1","region_exact":null,"edges":["e-252d74b751e01a16"]}],"region_exact":{},"incoming_edges":[{"id":"e-252d74b751e01a16","operation":{"index_shift":0,"operation":"preserver_image","operator":"{\"shape\":\"euler_polynomial\",\"coefficients\":[{\"numerator\":[\"1\"],\"denominator\":[\"1\"]},{\"numerator\":[\"1\"],\"denominator\":[\"1\"]}]}"},"operation_detail":"euler_polynomial, shift 0","conclusion_id":"n-33a7ac25a5865eb2","premise_count":1,"theorem":"Laguerre's theorem on multiplier sequences: if f is a real polynomial whose roots are all real and <= 0, then (f(k))_(k >= 0) is a multiplier sequence, so x^k -> f(k) x^k maps every real-rooted polynomial to a real-rooted polynomial or zero (Laguerre; see T. Craven and G. Csordas, Multiplier sequences for fields, Illinois J. Math. 21 (1977); Polya--Schur, Theorem 40 of P. Branden, arXiv:1410.6601: sum_k f(k) x^k / k! = f(theta) e^x = C e^x x^m prod (1 + x/a_j), a_j > 0); f(k) has one sign for k >= 0, so coefficients of one sign stay of one sign; applied to f(n, .) for each n","lean_route":null,"lean_declarations":["RealRooted.isMultiplierSequence_eval_of_roots_nonpos","RealRooted.isPFMultiplierSequence_eval_of_roots_nonpos","RealRooted.isMultiplierSequence_iff_preserves"],"certificate_hash":"26865474e2b2878788423673e0a3328e50fbc1ea9d74907aa6bafb2f171ed555","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"kind":"weak","orientation":"unordered"}],"premises":[{"position":0,"node_id":"n-b31aa1a3fd93d174","role":"sequence","name":"Delannoy paths counted by number of weak peaks.","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]"}]}],"used_by":[],"used_by_total":0,"links":[],"oeis":[],"bfiles":[],"oeis_texts":[{"oeis_id":"","target":"node","first_row":0,"oeis_offset":0,"reversed":false,"trim_zeros":"none","regular_triangle":false,"rows_shown":10,"polytool_commit":"c48629374597092cc41ef4d6273f37991516f984","triangle_example":"Triangle begins:\n  0: 1,  16,    12;\n  1: 1,  36,   108,     32;\n  2: 1,  64,   432,    512,      80;\n  3: 1, 100,  1200,   3200,    2000,      192;\n  4: 1, 144,  2700,  12800,   18000,     6912,      448;\n  5: 1, 196,  5292,  39200,   98000,    84672,    21952,      1024;\n  6: 1, 256,  9408, 100352,  392000,   602112,   351232,     65536,     2304;\n  7: 1, 324, 15552, 225792, 1270080,  3048192,  3161088,   1327104,   186624,     5120;\n  8: 1, 400, 24300, 460800, 3528000, 12192768, 19756800,  14745600,  4665600,   512000,   11264;\n  9: 1, 484, 36300, 871200, 8712000, 40981248, 95622912, 111513600, 62726400, 15488000, 1362944, 24576;\n","recurrence_sentence":"The row polynomials satisfy -(n+2-(2*n^3+12*n^2+24*n+16)*x)*P(n,x) = -(n+2-(2*n^3+12*n^2+12*n)*x-(12*n^3+80*n^2+164*n+104)*x^2)*P(n-1,x) - (2*x-(4*n^2+22*n+32)*x^2+(8*n^2+44*n+56)*x^3)*d/dx P(n-1,x) for n >= 1, with P(0,x) = 1 + 16*x + 12*x^2.","mathematica":"P[0, x_] := 1 + 16*x + 12*x^2;\nP[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[Together[(-(n + 2 - (2*n^3 + 12*n^2 + 12*n)*x - (12*n^3 + 80*n^2 + 164*n + 104)*x^2)*P[n - 1, x] - (2*x - (4*n^2 + 22*n + 32)*x^2 + (8*n^2 + 44*n + 56)*x^3)*D[P[n - 1, x], x])/(-n - 2 + (2*n^3 + 12*n^2 + 24*n + 16)*x)]];\nTable[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten","pari":"P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 1 + 16*x + 12*x^2; for(n = 1, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = (-(n + 2 - (2*n^3 + 12*n^2 + 12*n)*x - (12*n^3 + 80*n^2 + 164*n + 104)*x^2)*v[i - 1] - (2*x - (4*n^2 + 22*n + 32)*x^2 + (8*n^2 + 44*n + 56)*x^3)*deriv(v[i - 1], x))/(-n - 2 + (2*n^3 + 12*n^2 + 24*n + 16)*x)); v};\nrow(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};\nT(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};\nT(9)","reading":{"first_row":0,"offset":0,"reversed":false,"trim_zeros":"none","regular_triangle":false}}],"derivation":{"root":"n-b31aa1a3fd93d174","steps":["\u03b8+1"],"edges":["e-252d74b751e01a16"],"text":"A133214 \u2192 \u03b8+1"},"headline":"A133214 \u2192 \u03b8+1","chain":null}
