{"chains":[{"edge":{"id":"e-188f8b95d7e20c9f","operation":{"index_shift":0,"operation":"preserver_image","operator":"{\"shape\":\"derivative_polynomial\",\"coefficients\":[{\"numerator\":[\"1\"],\"denominator\":[\"1\"]},{\"numerator\":[\"1\"],\"denominator\":[\"1\"]}]}"},"operation_detail":"derivative_polynomial, shift 0","conclusion_id":"n-21c532627837f64d","premise_count":1,"theorem":"Laguerre's theorem on differential operators: if phi is a real polynomial with only real roots, then phi(D) maps every real-rooted polynomial to a real-rooted polynomial or zero (write phi(D) = C D^j prod (1 + c_i D); D preserves real-rootedness by Rolle's theorem and p + c p' is real-rooted for every real c by Rolle's theorem applied to e^(x/c) p; Polya--Schur 1914); when the coefficients of phi have one sign, coefficients of one sign stay of one sign; applied to phi(n, .) for each n","lean_route":null,"lean_declarations":["RealRooted.splits_add_C_mul_derivative_all","RealRooted.splits_C_mul_add_derivative","Polynomial.Splits.derivative"],"certificate_hash":"8a469d1178e187d02963af2ce1b0d4a0b4eab4010d4e111c9c394cf661aa8e8b","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"kind":"weak","orientation":"unordered"}],"premises":[{"position":0,"node_id":"n-4f1c1e4637c4f22d","role":"sequence","name":"basis_map_A013609 of Triangle of coefficients of Chebyshev's S(n,x+4) polynomials (exponents of x in increasing order).","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]"}]},"premises":[{"premise":{"position":0,"node_id":"n-4f1c1e4637c4f22d","role":"sequence","name":"basis_map_A013609 of Triangle of coefficients of Chebyshev's S(n,x+4) polynomials (exponents of x in increasing order).","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]"},"chains":[{"edge":{"id":"e-7ff4c96228a6f1e1","operation":{"map":"A013609","operation":"basis_map"},"operation_detail":"A013609","conclusion_id":"n-4f1c1e4637c4f22d","premise_count":1,"theorem":"geometric family P_k = g(t) (a + d t)^k: T(p) = g(t) p(a + d t), so the roots of T(p) are those of g and the points (r - a)/d for the roots r of p (elementary)","lean_route":null,"lean_declarations":[],"certificate_hash":"f0d0f7437047d5ff019936db0d012fed82b71e4a17b27d0b7dbd5f5fe5023ec1","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"kind":"weak","orientation":"unordered"}],"premises":[{"position":0,"node_id":"n-30cb3cad216ed189","role":"sequence","name":"Triangle of coefficients of Chebyshev's S(n,x+4) polynomials (exponents of x in increasing order).","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]"}]},"premises":[{"premise":{"position":0,"node_id":"n-30cb3cad216ed189","role":"sequence","name":"Triangle of coefficients of Chebyshev's S(n,x+4) polynomials (exponents of x in increasing order).","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]"},"chains":[{"edge":{"id":"e-720cd5df5ac0e3b3","operation":{"operation":"theorem_check","theorem":"three_term_recurrence"},"operation_detail":"three_term_recurrence","conclusion_id":"n-30cb3cad216ed189","premise_count":0,"theorem":"three-term recurrence Q_n = (a_n y + b_n) Q_(n-1) - c_n Q_(n-2) with a_n != 0 and beta_n = c_n / (a_n a_(n-1)) > 0: simple real roots and strict interlacing of consecutive rows (zero separation for orthogonal polynomials: G. Szeg\u0151, Orthogonal Polynomials, \u00a73.3; Favard, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 200 (1935)); root regions by a positive-ratio (chain-sequence) induction","lean_route":null,"lean_declarations":[],"certificate_hash":"3e6458774a8c67cb661923272dc6ceaf94c4afb5bad4b844de714e388dbf7695","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":false,"value":"0"}}},{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"kind":"strict","orientation":"previous_interlaces_next"}],"premises":[]},"premises":[]},{"edge":{"id":"e-f467219b223de117","operation":{"operation":"theorem_check","theorem":"liu_wang_three_term"},"operation_detail":"liu_wang_three_term","conclusion_id":"n-30cb3cad216ed189","premise_count":0,"theorem":"L. L. Liu and Y. Wang, Adv. Appl. Math. 38 (2007) 542-560, Theorem 2.1 and Corollary 2.4 (A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros; the lag row as the interlacer, b_n = 0), weak interlacing of consecutive rows, with nonnegativity of the coefficients replaced, where a root region is certified, by an exact root-location induction","lean_route":"sign","lean_declarations":["RealRooted.threeTerm_interlaces_of_eval_nonpos","RealRooted.threeTerm_interlaces","RealRooted.eval_nonpos_of_natDegree_le_two"],"certificate_hash":"ca54c923c38bdcb6d4d215b2a2f64b95ca4357ff701c7326d2376c36358b9122","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":false,"value":"0"}}},{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"kind":"weak","orientation":"previous_interlaces_next"}],"premises":[]},"premises":[]},{"edge":{"id":"e-56c0c02612a8191c","operation":{"index_shift":0,"operation":"preserver_image","operator":"{\"shape\":\"affine\",\"slope\":\"1\",\"intercept\":\"1\"}"},"operation_detail":"affine, shift 0","conclusion_id":"n-30cb3cad216ed189","premise_count":1,"theorem":"a real affine substitution x -> a x + b (a != 0), the reversal x^d p(1/x) (d >= deg p) and a real Mobius map (c x + e)^d p((a x + b)/(c x + e)) (a e - b c != 0, d >= deg p) map real roots to real roots: a root r of p gives the root (r - b)/a, 1/r (and 0) or (e r - b)/(a - c r) (and -e/c); for an input row that is a polynomial the degree condition holds automatically","lean_route":null,"lean_declarations":["Polynomial.Splits.comp_of_degree_le_one"],"certificate_hash":"8dc4494a1e2ed5342d45b61af8e2727cad6124c0afc55155169f37cd84abda33","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"lower":{"closed":false,"value":"-6"},"upper":{"closed":false,"value":"-2"}}},{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"kind":"weak","orientation":"unordered"}],"premises":[{"position":0,"node_id":"n-f287bed89e07609f","role":"sequence","name":"A convolution triangle of numbers based on A001906 (even-indexed Fibonacci numbers).","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"lower":{"closed":false,"value":"-5"},"upper":{"closed":false,"value":"-1"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-5, -1)"}]},"premises":[{"premise":{"position":0,"node_id":"n-f287bed89e07609f","role":"sequence","name":"A convolution triangle of numbers based on A001906 (even-indexed Fibonacci numbers).","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"lower":{"closed":false,"value":"-5"},"upper":{"closed":false,"value":"-1"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-5, -1)"},"chains":[{"edge":{"id":"e-c7df247a48c8552e","operation":{"operation":"theorem_check","theorem":"three_term_recurrence"},"operation_detail":"three_term_recurrence","conclusion_id":"n-f287bed89e07609f","premise_count":0,"theorem":"three-term recurrence Q_n = (a_n y + b_n) Q_(n-1) - c_n Q_(n-2) with a_n != 0 and beta_n = c_n / (a_n a_(n-1)) > 0: simple real roots and strict interlacing of consecutive rows (zero separation for orthogonal polynomials: G. Szeg\u0151, Orthogonal Polynomials, \u00a73.3; Favard, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 200 (1935)); root regions by a positive-ratio (chain-sequence) induction","lean_route":null,"lean_declarations":[],"certificate_hash":"10f6373de245482d0dca6ec5342374efbffa58c936fa09f9e9ee3c227a8cfcd8","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"lower":{"closed":false,"value":"-5"},"upper":{"closed":false,"value":"-1"}}},{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"kind":"strict","orientation":"previous_interlaces_next"}],"premises":[]},"premises":[]}]}]},{"edge":{"id":"e-6582417c7c9b5874","operation":{"index_shift":0,"operation":"preserver_image","operator":"{\"shape\":\"affine\",\"slope\":\"1\",\"intercept\":\"1\"}"},"operation_detail":"affine, shift 0","conclusion_id":"n-30cb3cad216ed189","premise_count":1,"theorem":"a real affine substitution x -> a x + b (a != 0), the reversal x^d p(1/x) (d >= deg p) and a real Mobius map (c x + e)^d p((a x + b)/(c x + e)) (a e - b c != 0, d >= deg p) map real roots to real roots: a root r of p gives the root (r - b)/a, 1/r (and 0) or (e r - b)/(a - c r) (and -e/c); for an input row that is a polynomial the degree condition holds automatically","lean_route":null,"lean_declarations":["Polynomial.Splits.comp_of_degree_le_one"],"certificate_hash":"b86a1997aee92c5feb7cdf2e900c5aea8731468b6c9ce53081e396fca185d817","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"lower":{"closed":false,"value":"-6"},"upper":{"closed":false,"value":"-2"}}},{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"kind":"weak","orientation":"unordered"}],"premises":[{"position":0,"node_id":"n-f287bed89e07609f","role":"sequence","name":"A convolution triangle of numbers based on A001906 (even-indexed Fibonacci numbers).","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"lower":{"closed":false,"value":"-5"},"upper":{"closed":false,"value":"-1"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-5, -1)"}]},"premises":[{"premise":{"position":0,"node_id":"n-f287bed89e07609f","role":"sequence","name":"A convolution triangle of numbers based on A001906 (even-indexed Fibonacci numbers).","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"lower":{"closed":false,"value":"-5"},"upper":{"closed":false,"value":"-1"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-5, -1)"},"chains":[{"edge":{"id":"e-c7df247a48c8552e","operation":{"operation":"theorem_check","theorem":"three_term_recurrence"},"operation_detail":"three_term_recurrence","conclusion_id":"n-f287bed89e07609f","premise_count":0,"theorem":"three-term recurrence Q_n = (a_n y + b_n) Q_(n-1) - c_n Q_(n-2) with a_n != 0 and beta_n = c_n / (a_n a_(n-1)) > 0: simple real roots and strict interlacing of consecutive rows (zero separation for orthogonal polynomials: G. Szeg\u0151, Orthogonal Polynomials, \u00a73.3; Favard, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 200 (1935)); root regions by a positive-ratio (chain-sequence) induction","lean_route":null,"lean_declarations":[],"certificate_hash":"10f6373de245482d0dca6ec5342374efbffa58c936fa09f9e9ee3c227a8cfcd8","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"lower":{"closed":false,"value":"-5"},"upper":{"closed":false,"value":"-1"}}},{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"kind":"strict","orientation":"previous_interlaces_next"}],"premises":[]},"repeat":true,"premises":[]}]}]},{"edge":{"id":"e-ec629e395a3def0c","operation":{"operation":"theorem_check","theorem":"three_term_recurrence"},"operation_detail":"three_term_recurrence","conclusion_id":"n-30cb3cad216ed189","premise_count":0,"theorem":"three-term recurrence Q_n = (a_n y + b_n) Q_(n-1) - c_n Q_(n-2) with a_n != 0 and beta_n = c_n / (a_n a_(n-1)) > 0: simple real roots and strict interlacing of consecutive rows (zero separation for orthogonal polynomials: G. Szeg\u0151, Orthogonal Polynomials, \u00a73.3; Favard, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 200 (1935)); root regions by a positive-ratio (chain-sequence) induction","lean_route":null,"lean_declarations":[],"certificate_hash":"5840e8f04930313d95df0836e60f47ba034ba0f1ab5d46f077f5a1a85b1b7308","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"lower":{"closed":false,"value":"-6"},"upper":{"closed":false,"value":"-2"}}},{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"kind":"strict","orientation":"previous_interlaces_next"}],"premises":[]},"premises":[]},{"edge":{"id":"e-1b8c174a7adad0b1","operation":{"map":"A007318","operation":"basis_map"},"operation_detail":"A007318","conclusion_id":"n-30cb3cad216ed189","premise_count":1,"theorem":"geometric family P_k = g(t) (a + d t)^k: T(p) = g(t) p(a + d t), so the roots of T(p) are those of g and the points (r - a)/d for the roots r of p (elementary)","lean_route":null,"lean_declarations":[],"certificate_hash":"6acd7c5d7b9fba8df8dadecab26184f91e750893629ba19baaf4ebccbf67c7ce","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"kind":"weak","orientation":"unordered"}],"premises":[{"position":0,"node_id":"n-f287bed89e07609f","role":"sequence","name":"A convolution triangle of numbers based on A001906 (even-indexed Fibonacci numbers).","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]"}]},"premises":[{"premise":{"position":0,"node_id":"n-f287bed89e07609f","role":"sequence","name":"A convolution triangle of numbers based on A001906 (even-indexed Fibonacci numbers).","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]"},"chains":[{"edge":{"id":"e-2376c9dabbfbc666","operation":{"operation":"theorem_check","theorem":"liu_wang_three_term"},"operation_detail":"liu_wang_three_term","conclusion_id":"n-f287bed89e07609f","premise_count":0,"theorem":"L. L. Liu and Y. Wang, Adv. Appl. Math. 38 (2007) 542-560, Theorem 2.1 and Corollary 2.4 (A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros; the lag row as the interlacer, b_n = 0), weak interlacing of consecutive rows, with nonnegativity of the coefficients replaced, where a root region is certified, by an exact root-location induction","lean_route":"sign","lean_declarations":["RealRooted.threeTerm_interlaces_of_eval_nonpos","RealRooted.threeTerm_interlaces","RealRooted.eval_nonpos_of_natDegree_le_two"],"certificate_hash":"2b0c83f8575ec516a2bae9a1151c1ff114acfae12556495a119bc8d284baa056","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":false,"value":"0"}}},{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"kind":"weak","orientation":"previous_interlaces_next"}],"premises":[]},"premises":[]},{"edge":{"id":"e-af8f298ca8f41adf","operation":{"operation":"theorem_check","theorem":"three_term_recurrence"},"operation_detail":"three_term_recurrence","conclusion_id":"n-f287bed89e07609f","premise_count":0,"theorem":"three-term recurrence Q_n = (a_n y + b_n) Q_(n-1) - c_n Q_(n-2) with a_n != 0 and beta_n = c_n / (a_n a_(n-1)) > 0: simple real roots and strict interlacing of consecutive rows (zero separation for orthogonal polynomials: G. Szeg\u0151, Orthogonal Polynomials, \u00a73.3; Favard, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 200 (1935)); root regions by a positive-ratio (chain-sequence) induction","lean_route":null,"lean_declarations":[],"certificate_hash":"9edb160ccffe1e0930a6851c97fc2868fcaefba733ba7ae9c3053813335c8943","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":false,"value":"0"}}},{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"kind":"strict","orientation":"previous_interlaces_next"}],"premises":[]},"premises":[]},{"edge":{"id":"e-c7df247a48c8552e","operation":{"operation":"theorem_check","theorem":"three_term_recurrence"},"operation_detail":"three_term_recurrence","conclusion_id":"n-f287bed89e07609f","premise_count":0,"theorem":"three-term recurrence Q_n = (a_n y + b_n) Q_(n-1) - c_n Q_(n-2) with a_n != 0 and beta_n = c_n / (a_n a_(n-1)) > 0: simple real roots and strict interlacing of consecutive rows (zero separation for orthogonal polynomials: G. Szeg\u0151, Orthogonal Polynomials, \u00a73.3; Favard, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 200 (1935)); root regions by a positive-ratio (chain-sequence) induction","lean_route":null,"lean_declarations":[],"certificate_hash":"10f6373de245482d0dca6ec5342374efbffa58c936fa09f9e9ee3c227a8cfcd8","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"lower":{"closed":false,"value":"-5"},"upper":{"closed":false,"value":"-1"}}},{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"kind":"strict","orientation":"previous_interlaces_next"}],"premises":[]},"repeat":true,"premises":[]},{"edge":{"id":"e-40df95eaa1354163","operation":{"index_shift":0,"operation":"preserver_image","operator":"{\"shape\":\"reversal\",\"schedule\":{\"first_index\":0,\"first_degree\":0,\"step\":1}}"},"operation_detail":"reversal, shift 0","conclusion_id":"n-f287bed89e07609f","premise_count":1,"theorem":"a real affine substitution x -> a x + b (a != 0), the reversal x^d p(1/x) (d >= deg p) and a real Mobius map (c x + e)^d p((a x + b)/(c x + e)) (a e - b c != 0, d >= deg p) map real roots to real roots: a root r of p gives the root (r - b)/a, 1/r (and 0) or (e r - b)/(a - c r) (and -e/c); for an input row that is a polynomial the degree condition holds automatically","lean_route":"reversed","lean_declarations":["RealRooted.X_pow_mul_reverse_eq_zero_or_splits","RealRooted.reflect_eq_zero_or_splits"],"certificate_hash":"60dfd9db328ad20cd63e6edd338aa4b42819dfa5a8cc4bee647a8eb9764e62c8","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}}],"premises":[{"position":0,"node_id":"n-c4e1c7f7d91f2e30","role":"sequence","name":"reversal of A convolution triangle of numbers based on A001906 (even-indexed Fibonacci numbers).","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]"}]},"premises":[{"premise":{"position":0,"node_id":"n-c4e1c7f7d91f2e30","role":"sequence","name":"reversal of A convolution triangle of numbers based on A001906 (even-indexed Fibonacci numbers).","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]"},"chains":[{"edge":{"id":"e-a162795980dd8c54","operation":{"index_shift":0,"operation":"preserver_image","operator":"{\"shape\":\"reversal\",\"schedule\":{\"first_index\":0,\"first_degree\":0,\"step\":1}}"},"operation_detail":"reversal, shift 0","conclusion_id":"n-c4e1c7f7d91f2e30","premise_count":1,"theorem":"a real affine substitution x -> a x + b (a != 0), the reversal x^d p(1/x) (d >= deg p) and a real Mobius map (c x + e)^d p((a x + b)/(c x + e)) (a e - b c != 0, d >= deg p) map real roots to real roots: a root r of p gives the root (r - b)/a, 1/r (and 0) or (e r - b)/(a - c r) (and -e/c); for an input row that is a polynomial the degree condition holds automatically","lean_route":"reversed","lean_declarations":["RealRooted.X_pow_mul_reverse_eq_zero_or_splits","RealRooted.reflect_eq_zero_or_splits"],"certificate_hash":"87380c2474cfcd7395358977f63a62dd1ed98bbbb3a1dfcc185cf64b722fcad4","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"lower":{"closed":false,"value":"-1"},"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}}],"premises":[{"position":0,"node_id":"n-f287bed89e07609f","role":"sequence","name":"A convolution triangle of numbers based on A001906 (even-indexed Fibonacci numbers).","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"lower":{"closed":false,"value":"-5"},"upper":{"closed":false,"value":"-1"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-5, -1)"}]},"premises":[{"premise":{"position":0,"node_id":"n-f287bed89e07609f","role":"sequence","name":"A convolution triangle of numbers based on A001906 (even-indexed Fibonacci numbers).","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"lower":{"closed":false,"value":"-5"},"upper":{"closed":false,"value":"-1"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-5, -1)"},"chains":[{"edge":{"id":"e-c7df247a48c8552e","operation":{"operation":"theorem_check","theorem":"three_term_recurrence"},"operation_detail":"three_term_recurrence","conclusion_id":"n-f287bed89e07609f","premise_count":0,"theorem":"three-term recurrence Q_n = (a_n y + b_n) Q_(n-1) - c_n Q_(n-2) with a_n != 0 and beta_n = c_n / (a_n a_(n-1)) > 0: simple real roots and strict interlacing of consecutive rows (zero separation for orthogonal polynomials: G. Szeg\u0151, Orthogonal Polynomials, \u00a73.3; Favard, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 200 (1935)); root regions by a positive-ratio (chain-sequence) induction","lean_route":null,"lean_declarations":[],"certificate_hash":"10f6373de245482d0dca6ec5342374efbffa58c936fa09f9e9ee3c227a8cfcd8","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"lower":{"closed":false,"value":"-5"},"upper":{"closed":false,"value":"-1"}}},{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"kind":"strict","orientation":"previous_interlaces_next"}],"premises":[]},"repeat":true,"premises":[]}]}]},{"edge":{"id":"e-fc7d20c85c447d4e","operation":{"index_shift":0,"operation":"preserver_image","operator":"{\"shape\":\"reversal\",\"schedule\":{\"first_index\":0,\"first_degree\":0,\"step\":1}}"},"operation_detail":"reversal, shift 0","conclusion_id":"n-c4e1c7f7d91f2e30","premise_count":1,"theorem":"a real affine substitution x -> a x + b (a != 0), the reversal x^d p(1/x) (d >= deg p) and a real Mobius map (c x + e)^d p((a x + b)/(c x + e)) (a e - b c != 0, d >= deg p) map real roots to real roots: a root r of p gives the root (r - b)/a, 1/r (and 0) or (e r - b)/(a - c r) (and -e/c); for an input row that is a polynomial the degree condition holds automatically","lean_route":"reversed","lean_declarations":["RealRooted.X_pow_mul_reverse_eq_zero_or_splits","RealRooted.reflect_eq_zero_or_splits"],"certificate_hash":"3c9089cfe1cb5c045adb0f9131adacd44b09230b7b0d5c3cf2918b29eea4cbd6","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"lower":{"closed":false,"value":"-1"},"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}}],"premises":[{"position":0,"node_id":"n-f287bed89e07609f","role":"sequence","name":"A convolution triangle of numbers based on A001906 (even-indexed Fibonacci numbers).","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"lower":{"closed":false,"value":"-5"},"upper":{"closed":false,"value":"-1"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-5, -1)"}]},"premises":[{"premise":{"position":0,"node_id":"n-f287bed89e07609f","role":"sequence","name":"A convolution triangle of numbers based on A001906 (even-indexed Fibonacci numbers).","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"lower":{"closed":false,"value":"-5"},"upper":{"closed":false,"value":"-1"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-5, -1)"},"chains":[{"edge":{"id":"e-c7df247a48c8552e","operation":{"operation":"theorem_check","theorem":"three_term_recurrence"},"operation_detail":"three_term_recurrence","conclusion_id":"n-f287bed89e07609f","premise_count":0,"theorem":"three-term recurrence Q_n = (a_n y + b_n) Q_(n-1) - c_n Q_(n-2) with a_n != 0 and beta_n = c_n / (a_n a_(n-1)) > 0: simple real roots and strict interlacing of consecutive rows (zero separation for orthogonal polynomials: G. Szeg\u0151, Orthogonal Polynomials, \u00a73.3; Favard, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 200 (1935)); root regions by a positive-ratio (chain-sequence) induction","lean_route":null,"lean_declarations":[],"certificate_hash":"10f6373de245482d0dca6ec5342374efbffa58c936fa09f9e9ee3c227a8cfcd8","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"lower":{"closed":false,"value":"-5"},"upper":{"closed":false,"value":"-1"}}},{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"kind":"strict","orientation":"previous_interlaces_next"}],"premises":[]},"repeat":true,"premises":[]}]}]}]}]}]}]},{"edge":{"id":"e-62aee1a9a176f49c","operation":{"index_shift":0,"operation":"preserver_image","operator":"{\"shape\":\"reversal\",\"schedule\":{\"first_index\":0,\"first_degree\":0,\"step\":1}}"},"operation_detail":"reversal, shift 0","conclusion_id":"n-30cb3cad216ed189","premise_count":1,"theorem":"a real affine substitution x -> a x + b (a != 0), the reversal x^d p(1/x) (d >= deg p) and a real Mobius map (c x + e)^d p((a x + b)/(c x + e)) (a e - b c != 0, d >= deg p) map real roots to real roots: a root r of p gives the root (r - b)/a, 1/r (and 0) or (e r - b)/(a - c r) (and -e/c); for an input row that is a polynomial the degree condition holds automatically","lean_route":"reversed","lean_declarations":["RealRooted.X_pow_mul_reverse_eq_zero_or_splits","RealRooted.reflect_eq_zero_or_splits"],"certificate_hash":"bb40a3084cd07904faa196e2750140fb98b0b60d0cf8af4cffdd9fbce3e8aed8","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}}],"premises":[{"position":0,"node_id":"n-8ac1223942f7b8c5","role":"sequence","name":"reversal of Triangle of coefficients of Chebyshev's S(n,x+4) polynomials (exponents of x in increasing order).","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]"}]},"premises":[{"premise":{"position":0,"node_id":"n-8ac1223942f7b8c5","role":"sequence","name":"reversal of Triangle of coefficients of Chebyshev's S(n,x+4) polynomials (exponents of x in increasing order).","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]"},"chains":[{"edge":{"id":"e-73dd335e950d1f81","operation":{"index_shift":0,"operation":"preserver_image","operator":"{\"shape\":\"reversal\",\"schedule\":{\"first_index\":0,\"first_degree\":0,\"step\":1}}"},"operation_detail":"reversal, shift 0","conclusion_id":"n-8ac1223942f7b8c5","premise_count":1,"theorem":"a real affine substitution x -> a x + b (a != 0), the reversal x^d p(1/x) (d >= deg p) and a real Mobius map (c x + e)^d p((a x + b)/(c x + e)) (a e - b c != 0, d >= deg p) map real roots to real roots: a root r of p gives the root (r - b)/a, 1/r (and 0) or (e r - b)/(a - c r) (and -e/c); for an input row that is a polynomial the degree condition holds automatically","lean_route":"reversed","lean_declarations":["RealRooted.X_pow_mul_reverse_eq_zero_or_splits","RealRooted.reflect_eq_zero_or_splits"],"certificate_hash":"f1cf545ca8d704eebec03aaf59102be1f188fe9b0e4041f67fd6d7c1c20e60ac","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"lower":{"closed":false,"value":"-1/2"},"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}}],"premises":[{"position":0,"node_id":"n-30cb3cad216ed189","role":"sequence","name":"Triangle of coefficients of Chebyshev's S(n,x+4) polynomials (exponents of x in increasing order).","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"lower":{"closed":false,"value":"-6"},"upper":{"closed":false,"value":"-2"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-6, -2)"}]},"premises":[{"premise":{"position":0,"node_id":"n-30cb3cad216ed189","role":"sequence","name":"Triangle of coefficients of Chebyshev's S(n,x+4) polynomials (exponents of x in increasing order).","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"lower":{"closed":false,"value":"-6"},"upper":{"closed":false,"value":"-2"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-6, -2)"},"chains":[{"edge":{"id":"e-56c0c02612a8191c","operation":{"index_shift":0,"operation":"preserver_image","operator":"{\"shape\":\"affine\",\"slope\":\"1\",\"intercept\":\"1\"}"},"operation_detail":"affine, shift 0","conclusion_id":"n-30cb3cad216ed189","premise_count":1,"theorem":"a real affine substitution x -> a x + b (a != 0), the reversal x^d p(1/x) (d >= deg p) and a real Mobius map (c x + e)^d p((a x + b)/(c x + e)) (a e - b c != 0, d >= deg p) map real roots to real roots: a root r of p gives the root (r - b)/a, 1/r (and 0) or (e r - b)/(a - c r) (and -e/c); for an input row that is a polynomial the degree condition holds automatically","lean_route":null,"lean_declarations":["Polynomial.Splits.comp_of_degree_le_one"],"certificate_hash":"8dc4494a1e2ed5342d45b61af8e2727cad6124c0afc55155169f37cd84abda33","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"lower":{"closed":false,"value":"-6"},"upper":{"closed":false,"value":"-2"}}},{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"kind":"weak","orientation":"unordered"}],"premises":[{"position":0,"node_id":"n-f287bed89e07609f","role":"sequence","name":"A convolution triangle of numbers based on A001906 (even-indexed Fibonacci numbers).","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"lower":{"closed":false,"value":"-5"},"upper":{"closed":false,"value":"-1"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-5, -1)"}]},"repeat":true,"premises":[]},{"edge":{"id":"e-6582417c7c9b5874","operation":{"index_shift":0,"operation":"preserver_image","operator":"{\"shape\":\"affine\",\"slope\":\"1\",\"intercept\":\"1\"}"},"operation_detail":"affine, shift 0","conclusion_id":"n-30cb3cad216ed189","premise_count":1,"theorem":"a real affine substitution x -> a x + b (a != 0), the reversal x^d p(1/x) (d >= deg p) and a real Mobius map (c x + e)^d p((a x + b)/(c x + e)) (a e - b c != 0, d >= deg p) map real roots to real roots: a root r of p gives the root (r - b)/a, 1/r (and 0) or (e r - b)/(a - c r) (and -e/c); for an input row that is a polynomial the degree condition holds automatically","lean_route":null,"lean_declarations":["Polynomial.Splits.comp_of_degree_le_one"],"certificate_hash":"b86a1997aee92c5feb7cdf2e900c5aea8731468b6c9ce53081e396fca185d817","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"lower":{"closed":false,"value":"-6"},"upper":{"closed":false,"value":"-2"}}},{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"kind":"weak","orientation":"unordered"}],"premises":[{"position":0,"node_id":"n-f287bed89e07609f","role":"sequence","name":"A convolution triangle of numbers based on A001906 (even-indexed Fibonacci numbers).","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"lower":{"closed":false,"value":"-5"},"upper":{"closed":false,"value":"-1"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-5, -1)"}]},"repeat":true,"premises":[]},{"edge":{"id":"e-ec629e395a3def0c","operation":{"operation":"theorem_check","theorem":"three_term_recurrence"},"operation_detail":"three_term_recurrence","conclusion_id":"n-30cb3cad216ed189","premise_count":0,"theorem":"three-term recurrence Q_n = (a_n y + b_n) Q_(n-1) - c_n Q_(n-2) with a_n != 0 and beta_n = c_n / (a_n a_(n-1)) > 0: simple real roots and strict interlacing of consecutive rows (zero separation for orthogonal polynomials: G. Szeg\u0151, Orthogonal Polynomials, \u00a73.3; Favard, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 200 (1935)); root regions by a positive-ratio (chain-sequence) induction","lean_route":null,"lean_declarations":[],"certificate_hash":"5840e8f04930313d95df0836e60f47ba034ba0f1ab5d46f077f5a1a85b1b7308","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"lower":{"closed":false,"value":"-6"},"upper":{"closed":false,"value":"-2"}}},{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"kind":"strict","orientation":"previous_interlaces_next"}],"premises":[]},"repeat":true,"premises":[]}]}]},{"edge":{"id":"e-b768fdcb322c6ad3","operation":{"index_shift":0,"operation":"preserver_image","operator":"{\"shape\":\"reversal\",\"schedule\":{\"first_index\":0,\"first_degree\":0,\"step\":1}}"},"operation_detail":"reversal, shift 0","conclusion_id":"n-8ac1223942f7b8c5","premise_count":1,"theorem":"a real affine substitution x -> a x + b (a != 0), the reversal x^d p(1/x) (d >= deg p) and a real Mobius map (c x + e)^d p((a x + b)/(c x + e)) (a e - b c != 0, d >= deg p) map real roots to real roots: a root r of p gives the root (r - b)/a, 1/r (and 0) or (e r - b)/(a - c r) (and -e/c); for an input row that is a polynomial the degree condition holds automatically","lean_route":"reversed","lean_declarations":["RealRooted.X_pow_mul_reverse_eq_zero_or_splits","RealRooted.reflect_eq_zero_or_splits"],"certificate_hash":"d310a4c9b4ced570f17c4e3c3c16bb00b69dc63b3f70163349ef892c4187e3e0","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"lower":{"closed":false,"value":"-1/2"},"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}}],"premises":[{"position":0,"node_id":"n-30cb3cad216ed189","role":"sequence","name":"Triangle of coefficients of Chebyshev's S(n,x+4) polynomials (exponents of x in increasing order).","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"lower":{"closed":false,"value":"-6"},"upper":{"closed":false,"value":"-2"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-6, -2)"}]},"premises":[{"premise":{"position":0,"node_id":"n-30cb3cad216ed189","role":"sequence","name":"Triangle of coefficients of Chebyshev's S(n,x+4) polynomials (exponents of x in increasing order).","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"lower":{"closed":false,"value":"-6"},"upper":{"closed":false,"value":"-2"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-6, -2)"},"chains":[{"edge":{"id":"e-56c0c02612a8191c","operation":{"index_shift":0,"operation":"preserver_image","operator":"{\"shape\":\"affine\",\"slope\":\"1\",\"intercept\":\"1\"}"},"operation_detail":"affine, shift 0","conclusion_id":"n-30cb3cad216ed189","premise_count":1,"theorem":"a real affine substitution x -> a x + b (a != 0), the reversal x^d p(1/x) (d >= deg p) and a real Mobius map (c x + e)^d p((a x + b)/(c x + e)) (a e - b c != 0, d >= deg p) map real roots to real roots: a root r of p gives the root (r - b)/a, 1/r (and 0) or (e r - b)/(a - c r) (and -e/c); for an input row that is a polynomial the degree condition holds automatically","lean_route":null,"lean_declarations":["Polynomial.Splits.comp_of_degree_le_one"],"certificate_hash":"8dc4494a1e2ed5342d45b61af8e2727cad6124c0afc55155169f37cd84abda33","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"lower":{"closed":false,"value":"-6"},"upper":{"closed":false,"value":"-2"}}},{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"kind":"weak","orientation":"unordered"}],"premises":[{"position":0,"node_id":"n-f287bed89e07609f","role":"sequence","name":"A convolution triangle of numbers based on A001906 (even-indexed Fibonacci numbers).","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"lower":{"closed":false,"value":"-5"},"upper":{"closed":false,"value":"-1"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-5, -1)"}]},"repeat":true,"premises":[]},{"edge":{"id":"e-6582417c7c9b5874","operation":{"index_shift":0,"operation":"preserver_image","operator":"{\"shape\":\"affine\",\"slope\":\"1\",\"intercept\":\"1\"}"},"operation_detail":"affine, shift 0","conclusion_id":"n-30cb3cad216ed189","premise_count":1,"theorem":"a real affine substitution x -> a x + b (a != 0), the reversal x^d p(1/x) (d >= deg p) and a real Mobius map (c x + e)^d p((a x + b)/(c x + e)) (a e - b c != 0, d >= deg p) map real roots to real roots: a root r of p gives the root (r - b)/a, 1/r (and 0) or (e r - b)/(a - c r) (and -e/c); for an input row that is a polynomial the degree condition holds automatically","lean_route":null,"lean_declarations":["Polynomial.Splits.comp_of_degree_le_one"],"certificate_hash":"b86a1997aee92c5feb7cdf2e900c5aea8731468b6c9ce53081e396fca185d817","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"lower":{"closed":false,"value":"-6"},"upper":{"closed":false,"value":"-2"}}},{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"kind":"weak","orientation":"unordered"}],"premises":[{"position":0,"node_id":"n-f287bed89e07609f","role":"sequence","name":"A convolution triangle of numbers based on A001906 (even-indexed Fibonacci numbers).","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"lower":{"closed":false,"value":"-5"},"upper":{"closed":false,"value":"-1"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-5, -1)"}]},"repeat":true,"premises":[]},{"edge":{"id":"e-ec629e395a3def0c","operation":{"operation":"theorem_check","theorem":"three_term_recurrence"},"operation_detail":"three_term_recurrence","conclusion_id":"n-30cb3cad216ed189","premise_count":0,"theorem":"three-term recurrence Q_n = (a_n y + b_n) Q_(n-1) - c_n Q_(n-2) with a_n != 0 and beta_n = c_n / (a_n a_(n-1)) > 0: simple real roots and strict interlacing of consecutive rows (zero separation for orthogonal polynomials: G. Szeg\u0151, Orthogonal Polynomials, \u00a73.3; Favard, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 200 (1935)); root regions by a positive-ratio (chain-sequence) induction","lean_route":null,"lean_declarations":[],"certificate_hash":"5840e8f04930313d95df0836e60f47ba034ba0f1ab5d46f077f5a1a85b1b7308","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"lower":{"closed":false,"value":"-6"},"upper":{"closed":false,"value":"-2"}}},{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"kind":"strict","orientation":"previous_interlaces_next"}],"premises":[]},"repeat":true,"premises":[]}]}]},{"edge":{"id":"e-fd03420edaf2e6be","operation":{"index_shift":0,"operation":"preserver_image","operator":"{\"shape\":\"mobius\",\"a\":\"1\",\"b\":\"0\",\"c\":\"1\",\"e\":\"1\",\"schedule\":{\"first_index\":0,\"first_degree\":0,\"step\":1}}"},"operation_detail":"mobius, shift 0","conclusion_id":"n-8ac1223942f7b8c5","premise_count":1,"theorem":"a real affine substitution x -> a x + b (a != 0), the reversal x^d p(1/x) (d >= deg p) and a real Mobius map (c x + e)^d p((a x + b)/(c x + e)) (a e - b c != 0, d >= deg p) map real roots to real roots: a root r of p gives the root (r - b)/a, 1/r (and 0) or (e r - b)/(a - c r) (and -e/c); for an input row that is a polynomial the degree condition holds automatically","lean_route":"fTransform","lean_declarations":["RealRooted.splits_fPolynomial"],"certificate_hash":"45efb111130685fe651d6a178054e11bc07c22767a44d98593a8c5f1c0e73552","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"lower":{"closed":true,"value":"-1"},"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}}],"premises":[{"position":0,"node_id":"n-c4e1c7f7d91f2e30","role":"sequence","name":"reversal of A convolution triangle of numbers based on A001906 (even-indexed Fibonacci numbers).","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]"}]},"premises":[{"premise":{"position":0,"node_id":"n-c4e1c7f7d91f2e30","role":"sequence","name":"reversal of A convolution triangle of numbers based on A001906 (even-indexed Fibonacci numbers).","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]"},"chains":[{"edge":{"id":"e-a162795980dd8c54","operation":{"index_shift":0,"operation":"preserver_image","operator":"{\"shape\":\"reversal\",\"schedule\":{\"first_index\":0,\"first_degree\":0,\"step\":1}}"},"operation_detail":"reversal, shift 0","conclusion_id":"n-c4e1c7f7d91f2e30","premise_count":1,"theorem":"a real affine substitution x -> a x + b (a != 0), the reversal x^d p(1/x) (d >= deg p) and a real Mobius map (c x + e)^d p((a x + b)/(c x + e)) (a e - b c != 0, d >= deg p) map real roots to real roots: a root r of p gives the root (r - b)/a, 1/r (and 0) or (e r - b)/(a - c r) (and -e/c); for an input row that is a polynomial the degree condition holds automatically","lean_route":"reversed","lean_declarations":["RealRooted.X_pow_mul_reverse_eq_zero_or_splits","RealRooted.reflect_eq_zero_or_splits"],"certificate_hash":"87380c2474cfcd7395358977f63a62dd1ed98bbbb3a1dfcc185cf64b722fcad4","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"lower":{"closed":false,"value":"-1"},"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}}],"premises":[{"position":0,"node_id":"n-f287bed89e07609f","role":"sequence","name":"A convolution triangle of numbers based on A001906 (even-indexed Fibonacci numbers).","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"lower":{"closed":false,"value":"-5"},"upper":{"closed":false,"value":"-1"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-5, -1)"}]},"repeat":true,"premises":[]},{"edge":{"id":"e-fc7d20c85c447d4e","operation":{"index_shift":0,"operation":"preserver_image","operator":"{\"shape\":\"reversal\",\"schedule\":{\"first_index\":0,\"first_degree\":0,\"step\":1}}"},"operation_detail":"reversal, shift 0","conclusion_id":"n-c4e1c7f7d91f2e30","premise_count":1,"theorem":"a real affine substitution x -> a x + b (a != 0), the reversal x^d p(1/x) (d >= deg p) and a real Mobius map (c x + e)^d p((a x + b)/(c x + e)) (a e - b c != 0, d >= deg p) map real roots to real roots: a root r of p gives the root (r - b)/a, 1/r (and 0) or (e r - b)/(a - c r) (and -e/c); for an input row that is a polynomial the degree condition holds automatically","lean_route":"reversed","lean_declarations":["RealRooted.X_pow_mul_reverse_eq_zero_or_splits","RealRooted.reflect_eq_zero_or_splits"],"certificate_hash":"3c9089cfe1cb5c045adb0f9131adacd44b09230b7b0d5c3cf2918b29eea4cbd6","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"lower":{"closed":false,"value":"-1"},"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}}],"premises":[{"position":0,"node_id":"n-f287bed89e07609f","role":"sequence","name":"A convolution triangle of numbers based on A001906 (even-indexed Fibonacci numbers).","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"lower":{"closed":false,"value":"-5"},"upper":{"closed":false,"value":"-1"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-5, -1)"}]},"repeat":true,"premises":[]}]}]}]}]},{"edge":{"id":"e-9c2f7b8109ebb5e1","operation":{"map":"A007318","operation":"basis_map"},"operation_detail":"A007318","conclusion_id":"n-30cb3cad216ed189","premise_count":1,"theorem":"geometric family P_k = g(t) (a + d t)^k: T(p) = g(t) p(a + d t), so the roots of T(p) are those of g and the points (r - a)/d for the roots r of p (elementary)","lean_route":null,"lean_declarations":[],"certificate_hash":"5c0641eeb3a9cd41b1ba05ed992465ace15bdce89402f0562dc712ea262595a0","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"kind":"weak","orientation":"unordered"}],"premises":[{"position":0,"node_id":"n-f287bed89e07609f","role":"sequence","name":"A convolution triangle of numbers based on A001906 (even-indexed Fibonacci numbers).","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]"}]},"premises":[{"premise":{"position":0,"node_id":"n-f287bed89e07609f","role":"sequence","name":"A convolution triangle of numbers based on A001906 (even-indexed Fibonacci numbers).","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]"},"chains":[{"edge":{"id":"e-2376c9dabbfbc666","operation":{"operation":"theorem_check","theorem":"liu_wang_three_term"},"operation_detail":"liu_wang_three_term","conclusion_id":"n-f287bed89e07609f","premise_count":0,"theorem":"L. L. Liu and Y. Wang, Adv. Appl. Math. 38 (2007) 542-560, Theorem 2.1 and Corollary 2.4 (A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros; the lag row as the interlacer, b_n = 0), weak interlacing of consecutive rows, with nonnegativity of the coefficients replaced, where a root region is certified, by an exact root-location induction","lean_route":"sign","lean_declarations":["RealRooted.threeTerm_interlaces_of_eval_nonpos","RealRooted.threeTerm_interlaces","RealRooted.eval_nonpos_of_natDegree_le_two"],"certificate_hash":"2b0c83f8575ec516a2bae9a1151c1ff114acfae12556495a119bc8d284baa056","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":false,"value":"0"}}},{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"kind":"weak","orientation":"previous_interlaces_next"}],"premises":[]},"repeat":true,"premises":[]},{"edge":{"id":"e-af8f298ca8f41adf","operation":{"operation":"theorem_check","theorem":"three_term_recurrence"},"operation_detail":"three_term_recurrence","conclusion_id":"n-f287bed89e07609f","premise_count":0,"theorem":"three-term recurrence Q_n = (a_n y + b_n) Q_(n-1) - c_n Q_(n-2) with a_n != 0 and beta_n = c_n / (a_n a_(n-1)) > 0: simple real roots and strict interlacing of consecutive rows (zero separation for orthogonal polynomials: G. Szeg\u0151, Orthogonal Polynomials, \u00a73.3; Favard, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 200 (1935)); root regions by a positive-ratio (chain-sequence) induction","lean_route":null,"lean_declarations":[],"certificate_hash":"9edb160ccffe1e0930a6851c97fc2868fcaefba733ba7ae9c3053813335c8943","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":false,"value":"0"}}},{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"kind":"strict","orientation":"previous_interlaces_next"}],"premises":[]},"repeat":true,"premises":[]},{"edge":{"id":"e-c7df247a48c8552e","operation":{"operation":"theorem_check","theorem":"three_term_recurrence"},"operation_detail":"three_term_recurrence","conclusion_id":"n-f287bed89e07609f","premise_count":0,"theorem":"three-term recurrence Q_n = (a_n y + b_n) Q_(n-1) - c_n Q_(n-2) with a_n != 0 and beta_n = c_n / (a_n a_(n-1)) > 0: simple real roots and strict interlacing of consecutive rows (zero separation for orthogonal polynomials: G. Szeg\u0151, Orthogonal Polynomials, \u00a73.3; Favard, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 200 (1935)); root regions by a positive-ratio (chain-sequence) induction","lean_route":null,"lean_declarations":[],"certificate_hash":"10f6373de245482d0dca6ec5342374efbffa58c936fa09f9e9ee3c227a8cfcd8","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"lower":{"closed":false,"value":"-5"},"upper":{"closed":false,"value":"-1"}}},{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"kind":"strict","orientation":"previous_interlaces_next"}],"premises":[]},"repeat":true,"premises":[]},{"edge":{"id":"e-40df95eaa1354163","operation":{"index_shift":0,"operation":"preserver_image","operator":"{\"shape\":\"reversal\",\"schedule\":{\"first_index\":0,\"first_degree\":0,\"step\":1}}"},"operation_detail":"reversal, shift 0","conclusion_id":"n-f287bed89e07609f","premise_count":1,"theorem":"a real affine substitution x -> a x + b (a != 0), the reversal x^d p(1/x) (d >= deg p) and a real Mobius map (c x + e)^d p((a x + b)/(c x + e)) (a e - b c != 0, d >= deg p) map real roots to real roots: a root r of p gives the root (r - b)/a, 1/r (and 0) or (e r - b)/(a - c r) (and -e/c); for an input row that is a polynomial the degree condition holds automatically","lean_route":"reversed","lean_declarations":["RealRooted.X_pow_mul_reverse_eq_zero_or_splits","RealRooted.reflect_eq_zero_or_splits"],"certificate_hash":"60dfd9db328ad20cd63e6edd338aa4b42819dfa5a8cc4bee647a8eb9764e62c8","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}}],"premises":[{"position":0,"node_id":"n-c4e1c7f7d91f2e30","role":"sequence","name":"reversal of A convolution triangle of numbers based on A001906 (even-indexed Fibonacci numbers).","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]"}]},"repeat":true,"premises":[]}]}]}]}]},{"edge":{"id":"e-a9bcdd955d54ce0b","operation":{"map":"A013609","operation":"basis_map"},"operation_detail":"A013609","conclusion_id":"n-4f1c1e4637c4f22d","premise_count":1,"theorem":"geometric family P_k = g(t) (a + d t)^k: T(p) = g(t) p(a + d t), so the roots of T(p) are those of g and the points (r - a)/d for the roots r of p (elementary)","lean_route":null,"lean_declarations":[],"certificate_hash":"ee55cea6487bcdfdfb79440d55014c14e7d44cfbe94b8b2e5a009e810da50946","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"kind":"weak","orientation":"unordered"}],"premises":[{"position":0,"node_id":"n-30cb3cad216ed189","role":"sequence","name":"Triangle of coefficients of Chebyshev's S(n,x+4) polynomials (exponents of x in increasing order).","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]"}]},"premises":[{"premise":{"position":0,"node_id":"n-30cb3cad216ed189","role":"sequence","name":"Triangle of coefficients of Chebyshev's S(n,x+4) polynomials (exponents of x in increasing order).","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]"},"chains":[{"edge":{"id":"e-720cd5df5ac0e3b3","operation":{"operation":"theorem_check","theorem":"three_term_recurrence"},"operation_detail":"three_term_recurrence","conclusion_id":"n-30cb3cad216ed189","premise_count":0,"theorem":"three-term recurrence Q_n = (a_n y + b_n) Q_(n-1) - c_n Q_(n-2) with a_n != 0 and beta_n = c_n / (a_n a_(n-1)) > 0: simple real roots and strict interlacing of consecutive rows (zero separation for orthogonal polynomials: G. Szeg\u0151, Orthogonal Polynomials, \u00a73.3; Favard, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 200 (1935)); root regions by a positive-ratio (chain-sequence) induction","lean_route":null,"lean_declarations":[],"certificate_hash":"3e6458774a8c67cb661923272dc6ceaf94c4afb5bad4b844de714e388dbf7695","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":false,"value":"0"}}},{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"kind":"strict","orientation":"previous_interlaces_next"}],"premises":[]},"repeat":true,"premises":[]},{"edge":{"id":"e-f467219b223de117","operation":{"operation":"theorem_check","theorem":"liu_wang_three_term"},"operation_detail":"liu_wang_three_term","conclusion_id":"n-30cb3cad216ed189","premise_count":0,"theorem":"L. L. Liu and Y. Wang, Adv. Appl. Math. 38 (2007) 542-560, Theorem 2.1 and Corollary 2.4 (A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros; the lag row as the interlacer, b_n = 0), weak interlacing of consecutive rows, with nonnegativity of the coefficients replaced, where a root region is certified, by an exact root-location induction","lean_route":"sign","lean_declarations":["RealRooted.threeTerm_interlaces_of_eval_nonpos","RealRooted.threeTerm_interlaces","RealRooted.eval_nonpos_of_natDegree_le_two"],"certificate_hash":"ca54c923c38bdcb6d4d215b2a2f64b95ca4357ff701c7326d2376c36358b9122","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":false,"value":"0"}}},{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"kind":"weak","orientation":"previous_interlaces_next"}],"premises":[]},"repeat":true,"premises":[]},{"edge":{"id":"e-56c0c02612a8191c","operation":{"index_shift":0,"operation":"preserver_image","operator":"{\"shape\":\"affine\",\"slope\":\"1\",\"intercept\":\"1\"}"},"operation_detail":"affine, shift 0","conclusion_id":"n-30cb3cad216ed189","premise_count":1,"theorem":"a real affine substitution x -> a x + b (a != 0), the reversal x^d p(1/x) (d >= deg p) and a real Mobius map (c x + e)^d p((a x + b)/(c x + e)) (a e - b c != 0, d >= deg p) map real roots to real roots: a root r of p gives the root (r - b)/a, 1/r (and 0) or (e r - b)/(a - c r) (and -e/c); for an input row that is a polynomial the degree condition holds automatically","lean_route":null,"lean_declarations":["Polynomial.Splits.comp_of_degree_le_one"],"certificate_hash":"8dc4494a1e2ed5342d45b61af8e2727cad6124c0afc55155169f37cd84abda33","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"lower":{"closed":false,"value":"-6"},"upper":{"closed":false,"value":"-2"}}},{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"kind":"weak","orientation":"unordered"}],"premises":[{"position":0,"node_id":"n-f287bed89e07609f","role":"sequence","name":"A convolution triangle of numbers based on A001906 (even-indexed Fibonacci numbers).","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"lower":{"closed":false,"value":"-5"},"upper":{"closed":false,"value":"-1"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-5, -1)"}]},"repeat":true,"premises":[]},{"edge":{"id":"e-6582417c7c9b5874","operation":{"index_shift":0,"operation":"preserver_image","operator":"{\"shape\":\"affine\",\"slope\":\"1\",\"intercept\":\"1\"}"},"operation_detail":"affine, shift 0","conclusion_id":"n-30cb3cad216ed189","premise_count":1,"theorem":"a real affine substitution x -> a x + b (a != 0), the reversal x^d p(1/x) (d >= deg p) and a real Mobius map (c x + e)^d p((a x + b)/(c x + e)) (a e - b c != 0, d >= deg p) map real roots to real roots: a root r of p gives the root (r - b)/a, 1/r (and 0) or (e r - b)/(a - c r) (and -e/c); for an input row that is a polynomial the degree condition holds automatically","lean_route":null,"lean_declarations":["Polynomial.Splits.comp_of_degree_le_one"],"certificate_hash":"b86a1997aee92c5feb7cdf2e900c5aea8731468b6c9ce53081e396fca185d817","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"lower":{"closed":false,"value":"-6"},"upper":{"closed":false,"value":"-2"}}},{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"kind":"weak","orientation":"unordered"}],"premises":[{"position":0,"node_id":"n-f287bed89e07609f","role":"sequence","name":"A convolution triangle of numbers based on A001906 (even-indexed Fibonacci numbers).","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"lower":{"closed":false,"value":"-5"},"upper":{"closed":false,"value":"-1"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-5, -1)"}]},"repeat":true,"premises":[]},{"edge":{"id":"e-ec629e395a3def0c","operation":{"operation":"theorem_check","theorem":"three_term_recurrence"},"operation_detail":"three_term_recurrence","conclusion_id":"n-30cb3cad216ed189","premise_count":0,"theorem":"three-term recurrence Q_n = (a_n y + b_n) Q_(n-1) - c_n Q_(n-2) with a_n != 0 and beta_n = c_n / (a_n a_(n-1)) > 0: simple real roots and strict interlacing of consecutive rows (zero separation for orthogonal polynomials: G. Szeg\u0151, Orthogonal Polynomials, \u00a73.3; Favard, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 200 (1935)); root regions by a positive-ratio (chain-sequence) induction","lean_route":null,"lean_declarations":[],"certificate_hash":"5840e8f04930313d95df0836e60f47ba034ba0f1ab5d46f077f5a1a85b1b7308","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"lower":{"closed":false,"value":"-6"},"upper":{"closed":false,"value":"-2"}}},{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"kind":"strict","orientation":"previous_interlaces_next"}],"premises":[]},"repeat":true,"premises":[]},{"edge":{"id":"e-1b8c174a7adad0b1","operation":{"map":"A007318","operation":"basis_map"},"operation_detail":"A007318","conclusion_id":"n-30cb3cad216ed189","premise_count":1,"theorem":"geometric family P_k = g(t) (a + d t)^k: T(p) = g(t) p(a + d t), so the roots of T(p) are those of g and the points (r - a)/d for the roots r of p (elementary)","lean_route":null,"lean_declarations":[],"certificate_hash":"6acd7c5d7b9fba8df8dadecab26184f91e750893629ba19baaf4ebccbf67c7ce","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"kind":"weak","orientation":"unordered"}],"premises":[{"position":0,"node_id":"n-f287bed89e07609f","role":"sequence","name":"A convolution triangle of numbers based on A001906 (even-indexed Fibonacci numbers).","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]"}]},"repeat":true,"premises":[]},{"edge":{"id":"e-62aee1a9a176f49c","operation":{"index_shift":0,"operation":"preserver_image","operator":"{\"shape\":\"reversal\",\"schedule\":{\"first_index\":0,\"first_degree\":0,\"step\":1}}"},"operation_detail":"reversal, shift 0","conclusion_id":"n-30cb3cad216ed189","premise_count":1,"theorem":"a real affine substitution x -> a x + b (a != 0), the reversal x^d p(1/x) (d >= deg p) and a real Mobius map (c x + e)^d p((a x + b)/(c x + e)) (a e - b c != 0, d >= deg p) map real roots to real roots: a root r of p gives the root (r - b)/a, 1/r (and 0) or (e r - b)/(a - c r) (and -e/c); for an input row that is a polynomial the degree condition holds automatically","lean_route":"reversed","lean_declarations":["RealRooted.X_pow_mul_reverse_eq_zero_or_splits","RealRooted.reflect_eq_zero_or_splits"],"certificate_hash":"bb40a3084cd07904faa196e2750140fb98b0b60d0cf8af4cffdd9fbce3e8aed8","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}}],"premises":[{"position":0,"node_id":"n-8ac1223942f7b8c5","role":"sequence","name":"reversal of Triangle of coefficients of Chebyshev's S(n,x+4) polynomials (exponents of x in increasing order).","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]"}]},"repeat":true,"premises":[]},{"edge":{"id":"e-9c2f7b8109ebb5e1","operation":{"map":"A007318","operation":"basis_map"},"operation_detail":"A007318","conclusion_id":"n-30cb3cad216ed189","premise_count":1,"theorem":"geometric family P_k = g(t) (a + d t)^k: T(p) = g(t) p(a + d t), so the roots of T(p) are those of g and the points (r - a)/d for the roots r of p (elementary)","lean_route":null,"lean_declarations":[],"certificate_hash":"5c0641eeb3a9cd41b1ba05ed992465ace15bdce89402f0562dc712ea262595a0","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"kind":"weak","orientation":"unordered"}],"premises":[{"position":0,"node_id":"n-f287bed89e07609f","role":"sequence","name":"A convolution triangle of numbers based on A001906 (even-indexed Fibonacci numbers).","uses":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},"uses_text":"Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]"}]},"repeat":true,"premises":[]}]}]}]}]}],"truncated":false,"expanded":20}