{"id":"n-1be5eefbe5bc79ec","revision":1,"first_index":1,"fingerprint":"f6-57e3a3defd926b1b","name":"Triangle read by rows: Eulerian numbers of type B, T(n,k) (1 <= k <= n) given by T(n, 1) = T(n,n) = 1, otherwise T(n, k) = (2*n - 2*k + 1)*T(n-1, k-1) + (2*k - 1)*T(n-1, k).","polytool_family":null,"interpretation":null,"rows_observed":15,"degree_pattern":"affine","degree_slope":1,"degree_intercept":-1,"palindromic":1,"gamma_positive":1,"nonnegative":1,"rr_by_factors":false,"rows":[["1"],["1","1"],["1","6","1"],["1","23","23","1"],["1","76","230","76","1"],["1","237","1682","1682","237","1"],["1","722","10543","23548","10543","722","1"],["1","2179","60657","259723","259723","60657","2179","1"],["1","6552","331612","2485288","4675014","2485288","331612","6552","1"],["1","19673","1756340","21707972","69413294","69413294","21707972","1756340","19673","1"],["1","59038","9116141","178300904","906923282","1527092468","906923282","178300904","9116141","59038","1"],["1","177135","46702427","1403080725","10836823098","28588019814","28588019814","10836823098","1403080725","46702427","177135","1"],["1","531428","237231970","10708911188","121383780207","477020564424","743288515164","477020564424","121383780207","10708911188","237231970","531428","1"],["1","1594309","1198382694","79944249686","1295923334435","7310750472183","16818059163492","16818059163492","7310750472183","1295923334435","79944249686","1198382694","1594309","1"],["1","4782954","6031771195","587172549764","13342139253321","105040798548278","342917527152507","504541774904760","342917527152507","105040798548278","13342139253321","587172549764","6031771195","4782954","1"]],"degrees":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14],"row_sums":["1","2","8","48","384","3840","46080","645120","10321920","185794560","3715891200","81749606400","1961990553600","51011754393600","1428329123020800"],"nonn":true,"definitions":[{"position":0,"source":"oeis_catalog:A060187","source_kind":"oeis_catalog","equality_edge_id":null,"recurrence":{"first_index":1,"initial_polynomials":[["1"]],"recurrence":{"terms":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["1","-3"],["0","2"]]},"deriv_order":0,"offset":1,"sign":"none"},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","2","-2"]]},"deriv_order":1,"offset":1,"sign":"none"}]},"schema":"polytool.recurrence.v1"}}],"properties":[{"id":158776,"position":0,"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":1,"region_key":"(-inf, 0)","provenance":"edges","claim_data":{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":1,"region":{"upper":{"closed":false,"value":"0"}}},"label":"Real-rooted","description":"Every row P_n, n >= 1, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0)","region_exact":null,"edges":["e-974c6818ff00e631"]},{"id":158777,"position":1,"claim":"one_signed_coefficients","from_index":1,"region_key":null,"provenance":"derived_from_edges","claim_data":{"alternating":false,"claim":"one_signed_coefficients","from_index":1},"label":"Coefficients of one sign","description":"Every nonzero row, n >= 1: the coefficients of P_n have one sign","region_exact":null,"edges":["e-974c6818ff00e631"]},{"id":158778,"position":2,"claim":"hadamard_kernel","from_index":1,"region_key":null,"provenance":"derived_from_edges","claim_data":{"claim":"hadamard_kernel","from_index":1},"label":"Hadamard kernel (Malo)","description":"Rows P_n, n >= 1, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)","region_exact":null,"edges":["e-974c6818ff00e631"]},{"id":158779,"position":3,"claim":"interlacing","from_index":2,"region_key":null,"provenance":"edges","claim_data":{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":2,"kind":"weak","orientation":"previous_interlaces_next"},"label":"Interlacing of consecutive rows","description":"Rows P_(m-1), P_m interlace (weak, previous interlaces next) for every m >= 2","region_exact":null,"edges":["e-974c6818ff00e631"]}],"region_exact":{},"incoming_edges":[{"id":"e-974c6818ff00e631","operation":{"operation":"theorem_check","theorem":"liu_wang"},"operation_detail":"liu_wang","conclusion_id":"n-1be5eefbe5bc79ec","premise_count":0,"theorem":"L. L. Liu and Y. Wang, A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros, Adv. in Appl. Math. 38 (2007) 542-560, Theorem 2.1 with g = f' (as in their Corollary 2.4), with nonnegativity of the coefficients replaced by an exact induction keeping every root in (-inf, 0)","lean_route":null,"lean_declarations":[],"certificate_hash":"69e2c3ad9c5517015cb8ea6735cdc5f6686c69c3f699370cadc0f4b7cf11870d","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":1,"region":{"upper":{"closed":false,"value":"0"}}},{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":2,"kind":"weak","orientation":"previous_interlaces_next"}],"premises":[]}],"used_by":[{"id":"e-af71d95d59cd25b7","operation":"gamma_polynomial","operation_detail":"scale 1, shift 0","conclusion_id":"n-5d8bbcaae52422ed","conclusion_name":"gamma_polynomial of Triangle read by rows: Eulerian numbers of type B, T(n,k) (1 <= k <= n) given by T(n, 1) = T(n,n) = 1, otherwise T(n, k) = (2*n - 2*k + 1)*T(n-1, k-1) + (2*k - 1)*T(n-1, k)."},{"id":"e-e73b0b0869997ce2","operation":"obreschkoff_combination","operation_detail":null,"conclusion_id":"n-890008301f46febe","conclusion_name":"obreschkoff_combination of Triangle read by rows: Eulerian numbers of type B, T(n,k) (1 <= k <= n) given by T(n, 1) = T(n,n) = 1, otherwise T(n, k) = (2*n - 2*k + 1)*T(n-1, k-1) + (2*k - 1)*T(n-1, k)."},{"id":"e-e73b0b0869997ce2","operation":"obreschkoff_combination","operation_detail":null,"conclusion_id":"n-890008301f46febe","conclusion_name":"obreschkoff_combination of Triangle read by rows: Eulerian numbers of type B, T(n,k) (1 <= k <= n) given by T(n, 1) = T(n,n) = 1, otherwise T(n, k) = (2*n - 2*k + 1)*T(n-1, k-1) + (2*k - 1)*T(n-1, k)."}],"used_by_total":3,"links":[{"id":"l-2fcf498d2ee8149b","kind":"fingerprint_related","node_a_id":"n-d8312bb744732845","node_b_id":"n-1be5eefbe5bc79ec","fingerprint":"f6-57e3a3defd926b1b","oeis_id":null,"in_catalog":null,"target":null,"row_alignment":null,"rows_matched":null,"oeis_nonn":null,"details":{"fingerprint":"f6-57e3a3defd926b1b"},"other_id":"n-d8312bb744732845","other":{"id":"n-d8312bb744732845","name":"type_b_eulerian","first_index":0,"fingerprint":"f6-57e3a3defd926b1b","polytool_family":"type_b_eulerian","degree_pattern":"affine","palindromic":1,"gamma_positive":1,"nonnegative":1,"rr_by_factors":0,"preview_rows":[["1"],["1","1"],["1","6","1"]],"card_rows":[["1"],["1","1"],["1","6","1"],["1","23","23","1"]],"row_sums_preview":["1","2","8","48","384","3840","46080","645120"],"regions":["(-inf, 0)"],"region_exact":{},"oeis_ids":[],"derivation":{"root":"n-d8312bb744732845","steps":[],"edges":[],"text":"type_b_eulerian"},"headline":"type_b_eulerian","chain":null}},{"id":"l-67418c5bd1e6be23","kind":"fingerprint_related","node_a_id":"n-1be5eefbe5bc79ec","node_b_id":"n-2c43e713cd32b015","fingerprint":"f6-57e3a3defd926b1b","oeis_id":null,"in_catalog":null,"target":null,"row_alignment":null,"rows_matched":null,"oeis_nonn":null,"details":{"fingerprint":"f6-57e3a3defd926b1b"},"other_id":"n-2c43e713cd32b015","other":{"id":"n-2c43e713cd32b015","name":"Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) = t(n-k, k); t(n,m) = f(m)*t(n-1,m) + f(n)*t(n,m-1), where f(x) =  4*x + 2.","first_index":0,"fingerprint":"f6-57e3a3defd926b1b","polytool_family":null,"degree_pattern":"affine","palindromic":1,"gamma_positive":1,"nonnegative":1,"rr_by_factors":0,"preview_rows":[["1"],["2","2"],["4","24","4"]],"card_rows":[["1"],["2","2"],["4","24","4"],["8","184","184","8"]],"row_sums_preview":["1","4","32","384","6144","122880","2949120","82575360"],"regions":["(-inf, 0)"],"region_exact":{},"oeis_ids":["A257612"],"derivation":{"root":"n-2c43e713cd32b015","steps":[],"edges":[],"text":"A257612"},"headline":"A257612: Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) = t(n-k, k); t(n,m) = f(m)*t(n-1,m) + f(n)*t(n,m-1), where f(x) =  4*x + 2.","chain":null}},{"id":"l-83e925a09d6036ef","kind":"fingerprint_related","node_a_id":"n-1be5eefbe5bc79ec","node_b_id":"n-444025a5f2f6e0e5","fingerprint":"f6-57e3a3defd926b1b","oeis_id":null,"in_catalog":null,"target":null,"row_alignment":null,"rows_matched":null,"oeis_nonn":null,"details":{"fingerprint":"f6-57e3a3defd926b1b"},"other_id":"n-444025a5f2f6e0e5","other":{"id":"n-444025a5f2f6e0e5","name":"Triangle read by rows: T(n, k) = t(n-k, k), where t(0,0) = 1, t(n,m) = 0 if n < 0 or m < 0, else t(n,m) = f(m)*t(n-1,m) + f(n)*t(n,m-1), and f(n) = 6*n + 3.","first_index":0,"fingerprint":"f6-57e3a3defd926b1b","polytool_family":null,"degree_pattern":"affine","palindromic":1,"gamma_positive":1,"nonnegative":1,"rr_by_factors":0,"preview_rows":[["1"],["3","3"],["9","54","9"]],"card_rows":[["1"],["3","3"],["9","54","9"],["27","621","621","27"]],"row_sums_preview":["1","6","72","1296","31104","933120","33592320","1410877440"],"regions":["(-inf, 0)"],"region_exact":{},"oeis_ids":["A257625"],"derivation":{"root":"n-444025a5f2f6e0e5","steps":[],"edges":[],"text":"A257625"},"headline":"A257625: Triangle read by rows: T(n, k) = t(n-k, k), where t(0,0) = 1, t(n,m) = 0 if n < 0 or m < 0, else t(n,m) = f(m)*t(n-1,m) + f(n)*t(n,m-1), and f(n) = 6*n + 3.","chain":null}},{"id":"l-31757021e93222f0","kind":"oeis_match","node_a_id":"n-1be5eefbe5bc79ec","node_b_id":null,"fingerprint":null,"oeis_id":"A052576","in_catalog":0,"target":"row_sums","row_alignment":null,"rows_matched":null,"oeis_nonn":1,"details":{"alignment":{"first_row":4,"low_zeros_dropped":false,"oeis_offset":0,"oeis_term_position":3,"target":"row_sums","terms_compared":12},"in_catalog":false,"oeis_id":"A052576","oeis_nonn":true},"other_id":null,"other":null},{"id":"l-5b1eb427c8e89c64","kind":"oeis_match","node_a_id":"n-1be5eefbe5bc79ec","node_b_id":null,"fingerprint":null,"oeis_id":"A060187","in_catalog":1,"target":"reversed_triangle","row_alignment":"tabl","rows_matched":10,"oeis_nonn":1,"details":{"alignment":{"first_row":1,"low_zeros_dropped":false,"oeis_offset":1,"oeis_term_position":0,"row_alignment":"tabl","rows_matched":10,"target":"reversed_triangle","terms_compared":55},"in_catalog":true,"oeis_id":"A060187","oeis_nonn":true},"other_id":null,"other":null},{"id":"l-8ecdf2125770faee","kind":"oeis_match","node_a_id":"n-1be5eefbe5bc79ec","node_b_id":null,"fingerprint":null,"oeis_id":"A000165","in_catalog":0,"target":"row_sums","row_alignment":null,"rows_matched":null,"oeis_nonn":1,"details":{"alignment":{"first_row":1,"low_zeros_dropped":false,"oeis_offset":0,"oeis_term_position":0,"target":"row_sums","terms_compared":15},"in_catalog":false,"oeis_id":"A000165","oeis_nonn":true},"other_id":null,"other":null},{"id":"l-e61606f3f270d1c5","kind":"oeis_match","node_a_id":"n-1be5eefbe5bc79ec","node_b_id":null,"fingerprint":null,"oeis_id":"A060187","in_catalog":1,"target":"triangle","row_alignment":"tabl","rows_matched":10,"oeis_nonn":1,"details":{"alignment":{"first_row":1,"low_zeros_dropped":false,"oeis_offset":1,"oeis_term_position":0,"row_alignment":"tabl","rows_matched":10,"target":"triangle","terms_compared":55},"in_catalog":true,"oeis_id":"A060187","oeis_nonn":true},"other_id":null,"other":null}],"oeis":[{"oeis_id":"A060187","relation":"identification"},{"oeis_id":"A060187","relation":"match_reversed_triangle"},{"oeis_id":"A000165","relation":"match_row_sums"},{"oeis_id":"A052576","relation":"match_row_sums"},{"oeis_id":"A060187","relation":"match_triangle"}],"bfiles":[{"node_id":"n-1be5eefbe5bc79ec","oeis_id":"A000165","target":"row_sums","oeis_offset":0,"first_row":1,"rows_used":200,"terms_matched":15,"oeis_terms_agreeing":20,"oeis_terms_available":20,"term_count":200,"raw_size":40050},{"node_id":"n-1be5eefbe5bc79ec","oeis_id":"A060187","target":"triangle","oeis_offset":1,"first_row":1,"rows_used":44,"terms_matched":55,"oeis_terms_agreeing":55,"oeis_terms_available":55,"term_count":990,"raw_size":35315},{"node_id":"n-1be5eefbe5bc79ec","oeis_id":"A060187","target":"reversed_triangle","oeis_offset":1,"first_row":1,"rows_used":44,"terms_matched":55,"oeis_terms_agreeing":55,"oeis_terms_available":55,"term_count":990,"raw_size":35315}],"oeis_texts":[{"oeis_id":"","target":"node","first_row":1,"oeis_offset":1,"reversed":false,"trim_zeros":"none","regular_triangle":false,"rows_shown":10,"polytool_commit":"c48629374597092cc41ef4d6273f37991516f984","triangle_example":"Triangle begins:\n   1: 1;\n   2: 1,     1;\n   3: 1,     6,       1;\n   4: 1,    23,      23,        1;\n   5: 1,    76,     230,       76,        1;\n   6: 1,   237,    1682,     1682,      237,        1;\n   7: 1,   722,   10543,    23548,    10543,      722,        1;\n   8: 1,  2179,   60657,   259723,   259723,    60657,     2179,       1;\n   9: 1,  6552,  331612,  2485288,  4675014,  2485288,   331612,    6552,     1;\n  10: 1, 19673, 1756340, 21707972, 69413294, 69413294, 21707972, 1756340, 19673, 1;\n","recurrence_sentence":"The row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = (1+(2*n-3)*x)*P(n-1,x) + (2*x-2*x^2)*d/dx P(n-1,x) for n >= 2, with P(1,x) = 1.","mathematica":"P[1, x_] := 1;\nP[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[(1 + (2*n - 3)*x)*P[n - 1, x] + (2*x - 2*x^2)*D[P[n - 1, x], x]];\nTable[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 1, 10}] // Flatten","pari":"P(N) = {my(v = vector(N)); v[1] = 1; for(n = 2, N, my(i = n); v[i] = (1 + (2*n - 3)*x)*v[i - 1] + (2*x - 2*x^2)*deriv(v[i - 1], x)); v};\nrow(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};\nT(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i, v[i])))};\nT(10)","reading":{"first_row":1,"offset":1,"reversed":false,"trim_zeros":"none","regular_triangle":false}},{"oeis_id":"A060187","target":"triangle","first_row":1,"oeis_offset":1,"reversed":false,"trim_zeros":"none","regular_triangle":true,"rows_shown":10,"polytool_commit":"c48629374597092cc41ef4d6273f37991516f984","triangle_example":"Triangle begins:\n   1: 1;\n   2: 1,     1;\n   3: 1,     6,       1;\n   4: 1,    23,      23,        1;\n   5: 1,    76,     230,       76,        1;\n   6: 1,   237,    1682,     1682,      237,        1;\n   7: 1,   722,   10543,    23548,    10543,      722,        1;\n   8: 1,  2179,   60657,   259723,   259723,    60657,     2179,       1;\n   9: 1,  6552,  331612,  2485288,  4675014,  2485288,   331612,    6552,     1;\n  10: 1, 19673, 1756340, 21707972, 69413294, 69413294, 21707972, 1756340, 19673, 1;\n","recurrence_sentence":"The row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = (1+(2*n-3)*x)*P(n-1,x) + (2*x-2*x^2)*d/dx P(n-1,x) for n >= 2, with P(1,x) = 1.","mathematica":"P[1, x_] := 1;\nP[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[(1 + (2*n - 3)*x)*P[n - 1, x] + (2*x - 2*x^2)*D[P[n - 1, x], x]];\nTable[PadRight[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], n], {n, 1, 10}] // Flatten","pari":"P(N) = {my(v = vector(N)); v[1] = 1; for(n = 2, N, my(i = n); v[i] = (1 + (2*n - 3)*x)*v[i - 1] + (2*x - 2*x^2)*deriv(v[i - 1], x)); v};\nrow(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c = concat(c, vector(n - #c)); c};\nT(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i, v[i])))};\nT(10)","reading":{"first_row":1,"offset":1,"reversed":false,"trim_zeros":"none","regular_triangle":true}},{"oeis_id":"A060187","target":"reversed_triangle","first_row":1,"oeis_offset":1,"reversed":true,"trim_zeros":"none","regular_triangle":true,"rows_shown":10,"polytool_commit":"c48629374597092cc41ef4d6273f37991516f984","triangle_example":"Triangle begins:\n   1: 1;\n   2: 1,     1;\n   3: 1,     6,       1;\n   4: 1,    23,      23,        1;\n   5: 1,    76,     230,       76,        1;\n   6: 1,   237,    1682,     1682,      237,        1;\n   7: 1,   722,   10543,    23548,    10543,      722,        1;\n   8: 1,  2179,   60657,   259723,   259723,    60657,     2179,       1;\n   9: 1,  6552,  331612,  2485288,  4675014,  2485288,   331612,    6552,     1;\n  10: 1, 19673, 1756340, 21707972, 69413294, 69413294, 21707972, 1756340, 19673, 1;\n","recurrence_sentence":"Row n lists the coefficients of P(n,x) in descending powers of x, where P(n,x) = (1+(2*n-3)*x)*P(n-1,x) + (2*x-2*x^2)*d/dx P(n-1,x) for n >= 2, with P(1,x) = 1.","mathematica":"P[1, x_] := 1;\nP[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[(1 + (2*n - 3)*x)*P[n - 1, x] + (2*x - 2*x^2)*D[P[n - 1, x], x]];\nTable[Reverse[PadRight[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], n]], {n, 1, 10}] // Flatten","pari":"P(N) = {my(v = vector(N)); v[1] = 1; for(n = 2, N, my(i = n); v[i] = (1 + (2*n - 3)*x)*v[i - 1] + (2*x - 2*x^2)*deriv(v[i - 1], x)); v};\nrow(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c = concat(c, vector(n - #c)); c = Vecrev(c); c};\nT(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i, v[i])))};\nT(10)","reading":{"first_row":1,"offset":1,"reversed":true,"trim_zeros":"none","regular_triangle":true}}],"derivation":{"root":"n-1be5eefbe5bc79ec","steps":[],"edges":[],"text":"A060187"},"headline":"A060187: Triangle read by rows: Eulerian numbers of type B, T(n,k) (1 <= k <= n) given by T(n, 1) = T(n,n) = 1, otherwise T(n, k) = (2*n - 2*k + 1)*T(n-1, k-1) + (2*k - 1)*T(n-1, k).","chain":null}
