{"certification":{"candidate":{"gauge":{"kind":"none"},"index_shift":0,"operator":{"coefficients":[{"denominator":["1"],"numerator":["1"]},{"denominator":["1"],"numerator":["2"]},{"denominator":["1"],"numerator":["1"]}],"shape":"euler_polynomial"},"parent":{"first_index":0,"initial_polynomials":[["1"],["2","3"]],"recurrence":{"terms":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["2","2"]]},"deriv_order":0,"offset":1,"sign":"none"},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["-1","-2","-1"]]},"deriv_order":0,"offset":2,"sign":"none"}]},"schema":"polytool.recurrence.v1"},"parent_name":"Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) = (n+k+1)*binomial(n,k), 0 <= k <= n."},"identifying_rows":1,"identity":{"certificate":{"certificate":{"dividend_relation":{"terms":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["-2","-18","-42","-38","-12"],["-1","-17","-52","-56","-20"],["0","-3","-17","-25","-11"],["0","0","-1","-3","-2"]]},"deriv_order":0,"shift":0},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","-6","-54","-126","-114","-36"],["0","-3","-51","-156","-168","-60"],["0","0","-9","-51","-75","-33"],["0","0","0","-3","-9","-6"]]},"deriv_order":1,"shift":0},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","0","-2","-18","-42","-38","-12"],["0","0","-1","-17","-52","-56","-20"],["0","0","0","-3","-17","-25","-11"],["0","0","0","0","-1","-3","-2"]]},"deriv_order":2,"shift":0},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["1","3","3","1"],["1","10","11","4"],["0","3","11","5"],["0","0","1","2"]]},"deriv_order":0,"shift":1},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","3","9","9","3"],["0","3","30","33","12"],["0","0","9","33","15"],["0","0","0","3","6"]]},"deriv_order":1,"shift":1},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","0","1","3","3","1"],["0","0","1","10","11","4"],["0","0","0","3","11","5"],["0","0","0","0","1","2"]]},"deriv_order":2,"shift":1}]},"exceptional_bases":[],"gauge":{"kind":"none"},"identifying_indices":[0],"index_shift":0,"input":{"first_index":0,"initial_polynomials":[["1"]],"recurrence":{"denominator":{"coeffs":[["0","-4","2","0"],["1","4","-8","0"],["0","3","8","-1"],["0","0","1","2"]]},"terms":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["1","4","6","4","1"],["1","11","21","15","4"],["0","3","14","16","5"],["0","0","1","3","2"]]},"deriv_order":0,"offset":1,"sign":"none"}]},"schema":"polytool.recurrence.v1"},"input_valid_from_base":0,"multiplier":["1/8","3/4","3/2","1"],"operator":{"coefficients":[{"denominator":["1"],"numerator":["1"]},{"denominator":["1"],"numerator":["2"]},{"denominator":["1"],"numerator":["1"]}],"shape":"euler_polynomial"},"parent":{"first_index":0,"initial_polynomials":[["1"],["2","3"]],"recurrence":{"terms":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["2","2"]]},"deriv_order":0,"offset":1,"sign":"none"},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["-1","-2","-1"]]},"deriv_order":0,"offset":2,"sign":"none"}]},"schema":"polytool.recurrence.v1"},"parent_leader_shift":2,"parent_valid_from_base":0,"quotients":[],"row_annihilation":{"kind":"system","system":{"generators":[{"annihilator":{"terms":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["-2","-3"],["-1","0"]]},"deriv_order":0,"shift":0},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["-1","-3","-2"]]},"deriv_order":1,"shift":0},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["1"],["2"]]},"deriv_order":0,"shift":1}]},"quotient":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["1","9","36","84","126","126","84","36","9","1"],["8","82","362","912","1454","1528","1062","472","122","14"],["26","307","1507","4130","7055","7856","5737","2662","715","85"],["44","607","3347","10076","18626","22195","17191","8398","2360","292"],["41","676","4250","14244","28863","37266","30978","16106","4780","620"],["20","415","3053","11625","26295","37412","33908","19040","6048","832"],["4","124","1133","5087","13227","21273","21512","13328","4624","688"],["0","12","168","976","3096","5892","6912","4896","1920","320"],["0","0","4","44","204","516","768","672","320","64"]]},"deriv_order":0},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","3","27","108","252","378","378","252","108","27","3"],["0","24","246","1086","2736","4362","4584","3186","1416","366","42"],["0","78","921","4521","12390","21165","23568","17211","7986","2145","255"],["0","132","1821","10041","30228","55878","66585","51573","25194","7080","876"],["0","123","2028","12750","42732","86589","111798","92934","48318","14340","1860"],["0","60","1245","9159","34875","78885","112236","101724","57120","18144","2496"],["0","12","372","3399","15261","39681","63819","64536","39984","13872","2064"],["0","0","36","504","2928","9288","17676","20736","14688","5760","960"],["0","0","0","12","132","612","1548","2304","2016","960","192"]]},"deriv_order":1},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","0","1","9","36","84","126","126","84","36","9","1"],["0","0","8","82","362","912","1454","1528","1062","472","122","14"],["0","0","26","307","1507","4130","7055","7856","5737","2662","715","85"],["0","0","44","607","3347","10076","18626","22195","17191","8398","2360","292"],["0","0","41","676","4250","14244","28863","37266","30978","16106","4780","620"],["0","0","20","415","3053","11625","26295","37412","33908","19040","6048","832"],["0","0","4","124","1133","5087","13227","21273","21512","13328","4624","688"],["0","0","0","12","168","976","3096","5892","6912","4896","1920","320"],["0","0","0","0","4","44","204","516","768","672","320","64"]]},"deriv_order":2}],"step_multiplier":{"coeffs":[["1","4","6","4","1"],["6","26","42","30","8"],["13","62","109","84","24"],["12","64","124","104","32"],["4","24","52","48","16"]]},"step_quotients":[[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["3","15","30","30","15","3"],["15","82","178","192","103","22"],["27","163","387","453","262","60"],["21","140","365","466","292","72"],["6","44","126","176","120","32"]]},"deriv_order":0},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["-1","-7","-20","-30","-25","-11","-2"],["-4","-30","-92","-148","-132","-62","-12"],["-5","-41","-137","-239","-230","-116","-24"],["-2","-18","-66","-126","-132","-72","-16"]]},"deriv_order":1}],[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","0","0","0","0","0"],["1","7","19","25","16","4"],["3","22","63","88","60","16"],["2","16","50","76","56","16"]]},"deriv_order":0},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["-1","-8","-26","-44","-41","-20","-4"],["-3","-25","-85","-151","-148","-76","-16"],["-2","-18","-66","-126","-132","-72","-16"]]},"deriv_order":1}]]},{"annihilator":{"terms":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","0"],["-2","-1"],["-1","-2"]]},"deriv_order":0,"shift":0},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["1","2","1"],["1","3","2"]]},"deriv_order":1,"shift":0}]},"quotient":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["1","13","42","34","-76","-204","-202","-98","-21","-1"],["7","97","351","375","-494","-1720","-1881","-981","-223","-11"],["19","286","1167","1564","-1130","-5814","-7103","-4002","-969","-50"],["25","421","1951","3178","-945","-10017","-13845","-8470","-2194","-120"],["16","319","1698","3295","77","-9240","-14611","-9746","-2712","-160"],["4","112","709","1625","421","-4385","-7938","-5772","-1728","-112"],["0","12","108","304","120","-932","-1876","-1464","-464","-32"],["0","0","4","20","20","-52","-136","-112","-32","0"]]},"deriv_order":0},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","3","32","137","315","427","343","147","17","-10","-3"],["0","21","249","1177","2960","4362","3819","1841","330","-73","-30"],["0","57","767","4039","11175","18002","17269","9353","2235","-123","-118"],["0","75","1179","7010","21557","38331","40661","24856","7455","360","-220"],["0","48","929","6390","22237","44351","52804","36831","13530","1720","-160"],["0","12","336","2835","11573","26637","36483","29616","13284","2640","64"],["0","0","36","468","2472","6976","11500","11260","6280","1744","160"],["0","0","0","12","116","468","1020","1296","960","384","64"]]},"deriv_order":1},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","0","1","10","44","112","182","196","140","64","17","2"],["0","0","7","79","383","1053","1819","2057","1529","723","198","24"],["0","0","19","247","1333","3992","7398","8873","6933","3422","973","122"],["0","0","25","385","2349","7763","15633","20145","16757","8735","2604","340"],["0","0","16","307","2176","8107","18085","25496","22967","12846","4072","560"],["0","0","4","112","981","4291","10955","17381","17392","10684","3680","544"],["0","0","0","12","164","936","2928","5508","6396","4488","1744","288"],["0","0","0","0","4","44","204","516","768","672","320","64"]]},"deriv_order":2}],"step_multiplier":{"coeffs":[["1","4","6","4","1"],["6","26","42","30","8"],["13","62","109","84","24"],["12","64","124","104","32"],["4","24","52","48","16"]]},"step_quotients":[[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["-3","-15","-30","-30","-15","-3"],["-16","-87","-188","-202","-108","-23"],["-32","-191","-449","-521","-299","-68"],["-30","-197","-506","-637","-394","-96"],["-13","-94","-265","-364","-244","-64"],["-2","-16","-50","-76","-56","-16"]]},"deriv_order":0},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["2","13","35","50","40","17","3"],["9","63","182","278","237","107","20"],["14","107","335","551","503","242","48"],["9","75","255","453","444","228","48"],["2","18","66","126","132","72","16"]]},"deriv_order":1}],[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["3","15","30","30","15","3"],["12","63","131","135","69","14"],["16","89","192","201","102","20"],["9","52","113","114","52","8"],["2","12","26","24","8","0"]]},"deriv_order":0},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["2","15","46","74","66","31","6"],["7","55","177","299","280","138","28"],["7","59","203","365","362","188","40"],["2","18","66","126","132","72","16"]]},"deriv_order":1}]]}],"restart_bases":[],"row_multiplier":{"coeffs":[["8","48","120","160","120","48","8"],["24","168","480","720","600","264","48"],["24","192","624","1056","984","480","96"],["8","72","264","504","528","288","64"]]},"start_base":0}},"shifted_parent_relation":{"terms":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["1","2","1"]]},"deriv_order":0,"shift":0},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["-2","-2"]]},"deriv_order":0,"shift":1},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["1"]]},"deriv_order":0,"shift":2}]},"statement":"w(n) E = sum_nu H_nu S^nu L' (with any remainder removed by row annihilators of the parent), where L' is the parent rule at P'_n = P_(n+0) (valid from base 0) and E the input rule gauged by lambda(n)/delta(n) and composed with (or conjugated through) T = f(n, theta) = 1 + (2) theta + (1) theta^2; so the candidate rows satisfy the input rule at every base n >= 0 (the exceptional bases checked exactly), and agreement on the 1 identifying rows gives Q_n = lambda(n) T_n(P_(n+0)) for every n >= 0"},"method":"operator_division"},"status":"certified"},"input_first_index":0,"interlacing":{"reason":"no parent theorem report with an interlacing conclusion","status":"none"},"lean_declarations":["RealRooted.isMultiplierSequence_eval_of_roots_nonpos","RealRooted.isPFMultiplierSequence_eval_of_roots_nonpos","RealRooted.isMultiplierSequence_iff_preserves"],"lift_summary":{"hypotheses":[{"evidence":"the polynomial with ascending coefficients [1, 2, 1] is fixed; exact check: real-rooted = true, coefficients of one sign = true","name":"euler_polynomial_roots_nonpositive","statement":"the polynomial in theta is real-rooted with every root <= 0 for every n >= n0","status":{"kind":"verified"}},{"evidence":"lambda(n) = 1","name":"gauge_finite_nonzero","statement":"lambda(n) is finite and nonzero for every n >= n0","status":{"kind":"verified"}},{"evidence":"delta(n) != 0 for every integer n in [0, +inf) (exact; Taylor shift: the coefficients of delta(n) at n = 0 + u have one sign)","name":"operator_coefficients_defined","sign_decision":{"certificate":{"condition":"nonzero","denominator":["1"],"method":{"kind":"taylor_shift","shifted_denominator":["1"],"shifted_numerator":["1"]},"numerator":["1"],"range":{"first":"0","last":null}},"decision":"holds"},"statement":"the operator coefficients are finite at every n >= n0 (their denominators do not vanish)","status":{"kind":"verified"}}],"identity":{"method":"forward_division","status":"certified"},"input_first_index":0,"input_interlacing":{"reason":"no parent theorem report with an interlacing conclusion","status":"not_proved"},"lean_replay":"not_attempted","operation":{"description":"f(n, theta) = 1 + (2) theta + (1) theta^2","kind":"preserver_image","operator":{"coefficients":[{"denominator":["1"],"numerator":["1"]},{"denominator":["1"],"numerator":["2"]},{"denominator":["1"],"numerator":["1"]}],"shape":"euler_polynomial"}},"parent":{"gauge":{"kind":"none"},"index_shift":0,"recurrence":{"first_index":0,"initial_polynomials":[["1"],["2","3"]],"recurrence":{"terms":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["2","2"]]},"deriv_order":0,"offset":1,"sign":"none"},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["-1","-2","-1"]]},"deriv_order":0,"offset":2,"sign":"none"}]},"schema":"polytool.recurrence.v1"},"relation":"Q_n = lambda(n) T_n(P_(n+0)) with T = f(n, theta) = 1 + (2) theta + (1) theta^2, for every n >= 0"},"parent_proof":{"statement":"open: no route proved that every parent row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with coefficients of one sign; the first 10 parent rows pass the exact check (evidence only)","status":"open"},"root_transfer":{"input_conclusion":"every Q_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with roots in (-inf, 0]","input_root_region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}},"parent_hypothesis":"every parent row used is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0] (coefficients of one sign)","parent_root_region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}},"theorem":"Laguerre's theorem on multiplier sequences: if f is a real polynomial whose roots are all real and <= 0, then (f(k))_(k >= 0) is a multiplier sequence, so x^k -> f(k) x^k maps every real-rooted polynomial to a real-rooted polynomial or zero (Laguerre; see T. Craven and G. Csordas, Multiplier sequences for fields, Illinois J. Math. 21 (1977); Polya--Schur, Theorem 40 of P. Branden, arXiv:1410.6601: sum_k f(k) x^k / k! = f(theta) e^x = C e^x x^m prod (1 + x/a_j), a_j > 0); f(k) has one sign for k >= 0, so coefficients of one sign stay of one sign; applied to f(n, .) for each n"},"verdict":"open"},"notes":["the division remainder is removed by row annihilators of the shifted parent"],"parent_proof":{"attempts":[{"detail":"the rule is not P_(n+k) = c(x) P_n with c free of n","route":"periodic_product","success":false,"variant":"P_(n+k) = c(x) P_n"},{"detail":"no theorem matched (weighted_renewal_window: coefficient of P_(n-1) must be 1 after normalization; fixed_delay_predecessor_window: coefficient of P_(n-1) must be 1 (+ w(n) t) after normalization)","route":"paper_theorem","success":false,"variant":"match_recurrence_theorems"},{"detail":"HypothesisFailed: P_n = (a_n + b_n (x + 1)) P_(n-1) - c_n (x + 1)^2 P_(n-2) for n >= 2, with a_n = 0, b_n = 2, c_n = 1; Q_n(y) = y^(d_n) P_n(1/y - 1), d_n = deg P_0 + n - 0, satisfies Q_n = (a_n y + b_n) Q_(n-1) - c_n Q_(n-2); open hypotheses: leading_coefficient_nonzero: fails at n = 2: f(n) a_n = 0 = 0 there (exact); first_coefficient_positive: a_2 or c_2 is undefined or a_2 = 0; recurrence_coefficient_positive: fails at n = 3: the denominator of beta_n = 1 vanishes there; root_region: the region contains the pole x = -1 of the coordinate change y = 1/(x + 1)","route":"three_term_recurrence","success":false,"variant":"three_term_recurrence"},{"detail":"not applicable: the rule is not f(n) P_n = c_0(n, x) P_(n-1) + c_1(n, x) P'_(n-1)","route":"liu_wang","success":false,"variant":"liu_wang"},{"detail":"HypothesisFailed: P_n = A_n(x) P_(n-1) + V_n(x) P'_(n-1) + W_n(x) P_(n-2) for n >= 2, with A_n(x) = (2) + (2) x, V_n(x) = 0, W_n(x) = (-1) + (-2) x + (-1) x^2; open hypotheses: lag_degree_step_nonnegative: fails at n = 2: mu_n = -1 = -1 there (exact); multipliers_vanish_at_zero: [x^0] c_2(n, x) = -1 is not the zero polynomial; lag_coefficient_nonpositive: W_n is not separable with a factor of one sign on (-inf, 0), and the sufficient monomial test (-1)^k [x^k] W_n <= 0 fails for k = 1 (not a disproof): fails at n = 2: [x^1] W_n = -2 there (exact); derivative_or_lag_coefficient_negative: W_n is not separable with a factor of one sign on (-inf, 0), and the sufficient monomial test (-1)^k [x^k] W_n <= 0 fails for k = 1 (not a disproof): fails at n = 2: [x^1] W_n = -2 there (exact)","route":"liu_wang_derivative_lag","success":false,"variant":"liu_wang_derivative_lag"},{"detail":"not applicable: the rule is not f(n) P_n = c_0(n, x) P_(n-1) + gamma(n) (x - L)(x - U) P'_(n-1)","route":"ma_wang_interval","success":false,"variant":"ma_wang_interval"},{"detail":"the parent equals the flagged entry, but the flag gives real-rootedness only and one-signed coefficients are not shown: the weight of the coefficient of x^s of P_(n-2) in the coefficient of x^(s+0) is not shown to be >= 0 for n >= 2","route":"attestation","success":false,"variant":"oeis_catalog:A347823:lean_proved"},{"detail":"no lean_proved catalog entry equals the parent; 3 with the same first index and seeds differ in the rule or in later initial rows (oeis_catalog:A029600:lean_proved, oeis_catalog:A124932:lean_proved, oeis_catalog:A132774:lean_proved)","route":"attestation","success":false,"variant":"oeis_catalog"}],"conditional_on":[],"rows_checked":10,"statement":"open: no route proved that every parent row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with coefficients of one sign; the first 10 parent rows pass the exact check (evidence only)","status":"not_proved"},"rows_compared":16,"schema":"polytool.recurrence-preserver-image.v1","statement":"Q_n = lambda(n) T_n(P_(n+0)) with T = f(n, theta) = 1 + (2) theta + (1) theta^2 for every n >= 0 is certified; the lift is Open (open: no route proved that every parent row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with coefficients of one sign; the first 10 parent rows pass the exact check (evidence only))"},"kind":"preserver_image"}
