{"id":"e-95b52c7a85b14ad7","operation":{"operation":"theorem_check","theorem":"iterated_preserver"},"operation_detail":"iterated_preserver","conclusion_id":"n-3338feb205e3b77f","premise_count":0,"theorem":"Iterated real-rootedness preservers (induction on n): if P_m is nonzero and real-rooted with every root in a closed region R and, for every n > m, P_n = a_n(x) S_n(P_(n-1)) where S_n maps every polynomial that is zero or real-rooted with every root in R to zero or a real-rooted polynomial with every root in R and a_n is real-rooted with every root in R, then every P_n is real-rooted with every root in R (the roots of a product are the roots of its factors); an exact degree step keeps every row nonzero; S_n = A + B D + C D^2 with A = 1 + 2 x, B = 2 + 12 x + 10 x^2, C = 4 x + 8 x^2 + 4 x^3: Branden's Weyl step: T = A + B D + C D^2 maps every real-rooted polynomial to a real-rooted polynomial when (i) B^2 - 4 A C >= 0 on the real line, (ii) A strictly interlaces B (deg B = deg A + 1) or strictly alternates left of B (deg B = deg A), with leading coefficients of the same sign when deg A >= 1, and (iii) T(x^k) has degree deg A + k with leading coefficients of one sign for every k >= 0 (P. Branden, Linear transformations preserving the Polya frequency property, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 358 (2006), Corollary 3.5); (i) is necessary for a real-rootedness preserver (J. Borcea and P. Branden, Proc. London Math. Soc. 101 (2010), Theorem 1.3); with coefficients of one sign T also keeps every root in (-inf, 0]; a linear operator preserving real-rootedness preserves the alternation of two polynomials (P. Branden, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 358 (2006), Corollary 2.5)","lean_route":null,"lean_declarations":[],"certificate_hash":"b29ceaa8e58ce19ba72e22489a3058883d3bf860fb9a0ea50163742f2b14fdc4","verification_polytool":"replayed","verification_lean":"not_attempted","certificate_kind":"theorem_check","certificate_raw_size":6407,"certificate_compressed_size":1979,"conclusion_name":"Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) = value of (d^2n/dx^2n) (tan^(2k)(x)/cos(x)) at the point x = 0.","claims":[{"claim":"real_rooted","from_index":0,"region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}}},{"claim":"interlacing","from_index":1,"kind":"weak","orientation":"previous_interlaces_next"}],"premises":[],"cited_by":[{"node_id":"n-3338feb205e3b77f","claim":"real_rooted"},{"node_id":"n-3338feb205e3b77f","claim":"one_signed_coefficients"},{"node_id":"n-3338feb205e3b77f","claim":"hadamard_kernel"},{"node_id":"n-3338feb205e3b77f","claim":"interlacing"}]}