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(0<=k<=n)."},"identifying_rows":1,"identity":{"certificate":{"certificate":{"dividend_relation":{"terms":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["-88","-192"],["-54","-112"],["-8","-16"]]},"deriv_order":1,"shift":0},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["-9","-48","-48"],["-3","-16","-16"]]},"deriv_order":2,"shift":0},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["20"],["18"],["4"]]},"deriv_order":1,"shift":1}]},"exceptional_bases":[],"gauge":{"kind":"none"},"identifying_indices":[0],"index_shift":0,"input":{"first_index":0,"initial_polynomials":[["56","128"]],"recurrence":{"denominator":{"coeffs":[["6"],["10"],["4"]]},"terms":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["42","96"],["38","80"],["8","16"]]},"deriv_order":0,"offset":1,"sign":"none"},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["6","32","32"],["3","16","16"]]},"deriv_order":1,"offset":1,"sign":"none"}]},"schema":"polytool.recurrence.v1"},"input_valid_from_base":0,"multiplier":["5/2","1"],"operator":{"coefficients":[{"denominator":["1"],"numerator":["0"]},{"denominator":["1"],"numerator":["1"]}],"shape":"derivative_polynomial"},"parent":{"first_index":0,"initial_polynomials":[["11","56","64"],["41","304","704","512"]],"recurrence":{"terms":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["-1"]]},"deriv_order":0,"offset":2,"sign":"none"},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["4","8"]]},"deriv_order":0,"offset":1,"sign":"none"}]},"schema":"polytool.recurrence.v1"},"parent_leader_shift":2,"parent_valid_from_base":0,"quotients":[],"row_annihilation":{"kind":"system","system":{"generators":[{"annihilator":{"terms":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["-22","-48"],["-8","-16"]]},"deriv_order":0,"shift":0},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["-3","-16","-16"]]},"deriv_order":1,"shift":0},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["10"],["4"]]},"deriv_order":0,"shift":1}]},"quotient":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["60","320","320"],["54","288","288"],["12","64","64"]]},"deriv_order":1}],"step_multiplier":{"coeffs":[["300","1600","1600"],["240","1280","1280"],["48","256","256"]]},"step_quotients":[[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["780","5600","11840","7680"],["552","4000","8576","5632"],["96","704","1536","1024"]]},"deriv_order":0},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["-90","-960","-3520","-5120","-2560"],["-36","-384","-1408","-2048","-1024"]]},"deriv_order":1}],[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["-90","-960","-3520","-5120","-2560"],["-36","-384","-1408","-2048","-1024"]]},"deriv_order":0}]]},{"annihilator":{"terms":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["-96"],["-80"],["-16"]]},"deriv_order":0,"shift":0},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["12","32"]]},"deriv_order":1,"shift":0},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["3","16","16"]]},"deriv_order":2,"shift":0}]},"quotient":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["-30","-160","-160"],["-12","-64","-64"]]},"deriv_order":0}],"step_multiplier":{"coeffs":[["9000","96000","352000","512000","256000"],["10800","115200","422400","614400","307200"],["4320","46080","168960","245760","122880"],["576","6144","22528","32768","16384"]]},"step_quotients":[[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["-172800","-1843200","-6758400","-9830400","-4915200"],["-239040","-2549760","-9349120","-13598720","-6799360"],["-122688","-1308672","-4798464","-6979584","-3489792"],["-27648","-294912","-1081344","-1572864","-786432"],["-2304","-24576","-90112","-131072","-65536"]]},"deriv_order":0},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["10800","144000","729600","1740800","1945600","819200"],["8640","115200","583680","1392640","1556480","655360"],["1728","23040","116736","278528","311296","131072"]]},"deriv_order":1},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["2700","43200","273600","870400","1459200","1228800","409600"],["2160","34560","218880","696320","1167360","983040","327680"],["432","6912","43776","139264","233472","196608","65536"]]},"deriv_order":2}],[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["34200","436800","2105600","4761600","5068800","2048000"],["34560","440640","2119680","4782080","5079040","2048000"],["11232","142848","685056","1540096","1630208","655360"],["1152","14592","69632","155648","163840","65536"]]},"deriv_order":0},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["2700","43200","273600","870400","1459200","1228800","409600"],["2160","34560","218880","696320","1167360","983040","327680"],["432","6912","43776","139264","233472","196608","65536"]]},"deriv_order":1}]]}],"restart_bases":[],"row_multiplier":{"coeffs":[["12","64","64"]]},"start_base":0}},"shifted_parent_relation":{"terms":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["1"]]},"deriv_order":0,"shift":0},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["-4","-8"]]},"deriv_order":0,"shift":1},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["1"]]},"deriv_order":0,"shift":2}]},"statement":"w(n) E = sum_nu H_nu S^nu L' (with any remainder removed by row annihilators of the parent), where L' is the parent rule at P'_n = P_(n+0) (valid from base 0) and E the input rule gauged by lambda(n)/delta(n) and composed with (or conjugated through) T = phi(n, D) = (1) D; so the candidate rows satisfy the input rule at every base n >= 0 (the exceptional bases checked exactly), and agreement on the 1 identifying rows gives Q_n = lambda(n) T_n(P_(n+0)) for every n >= 0"},"method":"operator_division"},"status":"certified"},"input_first_index":0,"interlacing":{"from_index":1,"justification":"the parent theorem (ThreeTermRecurrence) proves P_(m-1) strictly interlacing P_m for every m >= 1; T = phi(n, D) = (1) D is independent of n and maps every real-rooted polynomial to a real-rooted polynomial or zero, so by the Hermite--Kakeya--Obreschkoff theorem (both directions) T(P_(m-1)) and T(P_m) have weakly interlacing zeros; the nonzero gauge does not move zeros, so Q_(n-1) and Q_n interlace weakly (orientation not determined) for every n >= 1","kind":"weak","orientation":"unordered","status":"claimed"},"lean_declarations":["RealRooted.splits_add_C_mul_derivative_all","RealRooted.splits_C_mul_add_derivative","Polynomial.Splits.derivative"],"lift_summary":{"hypotheses":[{"evidence":"the polynomial with ascending coefficients [0, 1] is fixed; exact check: real-rooted = true, coefficients of one sign = true","name":"derivative_polynomial_real_rooted","statement":"the polynomial in D is real-rooted for every n >= n0","status":{"kind":"verified"}},{"evidence":"lambda(n) = 1","name":"gauge_finite_nonzero","statement":"lambda(n) is finite and nonzero for every n >= n0","status":{"kind":"verified"}},{"evidence":"delta(n) != 0 for every integer n in [0, +inf) (exact; Taylor shift: the coefficients of delta(n) at n = 0 + u have one sign)","name":"operator_coefficients_defined","sign_decision":{"certificate":{"condition":"nonzero","denominator":["1"],"method":{"kind":"taylor_shift","shifted_denominator":["1"],"shifted_numerator":["1"]},"numerator":["1"],"range":{"first":"0","last":null}},"decision":"holds"},"statement":"the operator coefficients are finite at every n >= n0 (their denominators do not vanish)","status":{"kind":"verified"}}],"identity":{"method":"forward_division","status":"certified"},"input_first_index":0,"input_interlacing":{"interlacing":{"from_index":1,"justification":{"premises":["the parent theorem (ThreeTermRecurrence) proves P_(m-1) strictly interlacing P_m for every m >= 1; T = phi(n, D) = (1) D is independent of n and maps every real-rooted polynomial to a real-rooted polynomial or zero, so by the Hermite--Kakeya--Obreschkoff theorem (both directions) T(P_(m-1)) and T(P_m) have weakly interlacing zeros; the nonzero gauge does not move zeros, so Q_(n-1) and Q_n interlace weakly (orientation not determined) for every n >= 1"],"theorem":"Hermite--Kakeya--Obreschkoff theorem (N. Obreschkoff, Verteilung und Berechnung der Nullstellen reeller Polynome, 1963; see S. Fisk, Polynomials, Roots, and Interlacing, arXiv:math/0612833): real polynomials f, g have weakly interlacing zeros iff alpha f + beta g is real-rooted or zero for all real alpha, beta; a linear T independent of n that maps every real-rooted polynomial to a real-rooted polynomial or zero therefore maps interlacing pairs to pairs with weakly interlacing zeros (orientation not determined)"},"kind":"weak","orientation":"unordered"},"status":"proved"},"lean_replay":"not_attempted","operation":{"description":"phi(n, D) = (1) D","kind":"preserver_image","operator":{"coefficients":[{"denominator":["1"],"numerator":["0"]},{"denominator":["1"],"numerator":["1"]}],"shape":"derivative_polynomial"}},"parent":{"gauge":{"kind":"none"},"index_shift":0,"recurrence":{"first_index":0,"initial_polynomials":[["11","56","64"],["41","304","704","512"]],"recurrence":{"terms":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["-1"]]},"deriv_order":0,"offset":2,"sign":"none"},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["4","8"]]},"deriv_order":0,"offset":1,"sign":"none"}]},"schema":"polytool.recurrence.v1"},"relation":"Q_n = lambda(n) T_n(P_(n+0)) with T = phi(n, D) = (1) D, for every n >= 0"},"parent_proof":{"route":"three_term_recurrence","statement":"every parent row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with coefficients of one sign","status":"proved"},"root_transfer":{"input_conclusion":"every Q_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with roots in (-inf, 0]","input_root_region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}},"parent_hypothesis":"every parent row used is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0] (coefficients of one sign)","parent_root_region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}},"theorem":"Laguerre's theorem on differential operators: if phi is a real polynomial with only real roots, then phi(D) maps every real-rooted polynomial to a real-rooted polynomial or zero (write phi(D) = C D^j prod (1 + c_i D); D preserves real-rootedness by Rolle's theorem and p + c p' is real-rooted for every real c by Rolle's theorem applied to e^(x/c) p; Polya--Schur 1914); when the coefficients of phi have one sign, coefficients of one sign stay of one sign; applied to phi(n, .) for each n"},"verdict":"proved"},"notes":["the division remainder is removed by row annihilators of the shifted parent"],"parent_interlacing_report":{"conclusion":{"first_index":0,"interlacing":"strict","interlacing_from":1,"root_region":{"upper":{"closed":false,"value":"0"}},"simple_roots":true,"statement":"every P_n, n >= 0, is nonzero and real-rooted, with simple roots from n = 0 on; P_(n-1) strictly interlaces P_n for n >= 1; every root lies in (-inf, 0)"},"hypotheses":[{"evidence":"f(n) a_n = 8 != 0 for every integer n in [2, +inf) (exact; Taylor shift: the coefficients of f(n) a_n = 8 at n = 2 + u have one sign)","name":"leading_coefficient_nonzero","sign_decision":{"certificate":{"condition":"nonzero","denominator":["1"],"method":{"kind":"taylor_shift","shifted_denominator":["1"],"shifted_numerator":["8"]},"numerator":["8"],"range":{"first":"2","last":null}},"decision":"holds"},"statement":"a_n != 0 for every n >= 2","status":{"kind":"verified"}},{"evidence":"Q_0 has degree 2, Q_1 degree 3; simple real roots and strict interlacing checked exactly","name":"seeds_interlace","statement":"Q_0 and Q_1 have simple real roots, degrees e and e + 1, and Q_0 strictly interlaces Q_1","status":{"kind":"verified"}},{"evidence":"beta_2 = 1/64 (exact)","name":"first_coefficient_positive","statement":"beta_2 = c_2 L_0 / (a_2 L_1) > 0","status":{"kind":"verified"}},{"evidence":"beta_n = 1/64 > 0 for every integer n in [3, +inf) (exact; Taylor shift: the coefficients of beta_n = 1/64 at n = 3 + u have one sign)","name":"recurrence_coefficient_positive","sign_decision":{"certificate":{"condition":"positive","denominator":["1"],"method":{"kind":"taylor_shift","shifted_denominator":["1"],"shifted_numerator":["1/64"]},"numerator":["1/64"],"range":{"first":"3","last":null}},"decision":"holds"},"statement":"beta_n = c_n / (a_n a_(n-1)) > 0 for every n >= 3","status":{"kind":"verified"}},{"evidence":"seeds checked exactly; positive-ratio induction at t = 0 with g(n) = 1/4 ((t - alpha_n)/2): g(n) > 0 for n >= 2, r_2 >= g(2) exactly, and (t - alpha_n) - beta_n/g(n-1) - g(n) >= 0 for every integer n in [3, +inf) (exact; Taylor shift: the coefficients of (t - alpha_n) - beta_n/g(n-1) - g(n) at n = 3 + u have one sign)","name":"root_upper_bound","sign_decision":{"certificate":{"condition":"nonnegative","denominator":["1"],"method":{"kind":"taylor_shift","shifted_denominator":["1"],"shifted_numerator":["3/16"]},"numerator":["3/16"],"range":{"first":"3","last":null}},"decision":"holds"},"statement":"every root of P_n is < 0 for every n >= 0 (region (-inf, 0) for P)","status":{"kind":"verified"}}],"lean_replay":"not_attempted","normal_form":"P_n = (a_n x + b_n) P_(n-1) - c_n P_(n-2) for n >= 2, with a_n = 8, b_n = 4, c_n = 1","recurrence":{"first_index":0,"initial_polynomials":[["11","56","64"],["41","304","704","512"]],"recurrence":{"terms":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["-1"]]},"deriv_order":0,"offset":2,"sign":"none"},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["4","8"]]},"deriv_order":0,"offset":1,"sign":"none"}]},"schema":"polytool.recurrence.v1"},"reference":"three-term recurrence Q_n = (a_n y + b_n) Q_(n-1) - c_n Q_(n-2) with a_n != 0 and beta_n = c_n / (a_n a_(n-1)) > 0: simple real roots and strict interlacing of consecutive rows (zero separation for orthogonal polynomials: G. Szeg\u0151, Orthogonal Polynomials, \u00a73.3; Favard, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 200 (1935)); root regions by a positive-ratio (chain-sequence) induction","requested_root_region":{"upper":{"closed":false,"value":"0"}},"schema":"polytool.recurrence-real-rootedness-theorem.v1","status":"proved","theorem":"three_term_recurrence"},"parent_proof":{"attempts":[{"detail":"the rule is not P_(n+k) = c(x) P_n with c free of n","route":"periodic_product","success":false,"variant":"P_(n+k) = c(x) P_n"},{"detail":"not applicable: expected one nonzero lag term","route":"product_recurrence","success":false,"variant":"product_recurrence"},{"detail":"no theorem matched (weighted_renewal_window: coefficient of P_(n-1) must be 1 after normalization; fixed_delay_predecessor_window: coefficient of P_(n-1) must be 1 (+ w(n) t) after normalization)","route":"paper_theorem","success":false,"variant":"match_recurrence_theorems"},{"detail":"P_n = (a_n x + b_n) P_(n-1) - c_n P_(n-2) for n >= 2, with a_n = 8, b_n = 4, c_n = 1: every P_n, n >= 0, is nonzero and real-rooted, with simple roots from n = 0 on; P_(n-1) strictly interlaces P_n for n >= 1; every root lies in (-inf, 0)","route":"three_term_recurrence","success":true,"variant":"three_term_recurrence"}],"conditional_on":[],"interlacing":{"from_index":1,"justification":{"premises":["every hypothesis of the theorem is verified exactly for every index: P_n = (a_n x + b_n) P_(n-1) - c_n P_(n-2) for n >= 2, with a_n = 8, b_n = 4, c_n = 1","every P_n, n >= 0, is nonzero and real-rooted, with simple roots from n = 0 on; P_(n-1) strictly interlaces P_n for n >= 1; every root lies in (-inf, 0)"],"theorem":"three_term_recurrence: three-term recurrence Q_n = (a_n y + b_n) Q_(n-1) - c_n Q_(n-2) with a_n != 0 and beta_n = c_n / (a_n a_(n-1)) > 0: simple real roots and strict interlacing of consecutive rows (zero separation for orthogonal polynomials: G. Szeg\u0151, Orthogonal Polynomials, \u00a73.3; Favard, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 200 (1935)); root regions by a positive-ratio (chain-sequence) induction"},"kind":"strict","orientation":"previous_interlaces_next"},"route":"three_term_recurrence","rows_checked":10,"statement":"every parent row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with coefficients of one sign","status":"proved"},"rows_compared":16,"schema":"polytool.recurrence-preserver-image.v1","statement":"proved: Q_n = lambda(n) T_n(P_(n+0)) with T = phi(n, D) = (1) D for every n >= 0, the side conditions hold for every n, and every parent row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with coefficients of one sign; so every Q_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with roots in (-inf, 0]"},"kind":"preserver_image"}