{"certification":{"candidate":{"gauge":{"kind":"none"},"index_shift":0,"operator":{"coefficients":[{"denominator":["1"],"numerator":["1"]},{"denominator":["1"],"numerator":["2"]},{"denominator":["1"],"numerator":["1"]}],"shape":"euler_polynomial"},"parent":{"first_index":1,"initial_polynomials":[["1"],["1"]],"recurrence":{"terms":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["1"]]},"deriv_order":0,"offset":1,"sign":"none"},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","1"]]},"deriv_order":0,"offset":2,"sign":"none"}]},"schema":"polytool.recurrence.v1"},"parent_name":"Square array of binomial coefficients T(n,k) = binomial(n,k), n >= 0, k >= 0, read by upward antidiagonals."},"identifying_rows":1,"identity":{"certificate":{"certificate":{"dividend_relation":{"terms":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","8","4","8"],["-1","2","14","8"],["-1","-8","-8","-6"],["0","-3","-11","-8"],["0","0","-1","-2"]]},"deriv_order":0,"shift":0},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","4","48","60","88"],["0","1","46","170","152"],["0","-3","-12","44","62"],["0","0","-9","-29","-8"],["0","0","0","-3","-6"]]},"deriv_order":1,"shift":0},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","0","5","38","64","88"],["0","0","4","52","174","168"],["0","0","-1","7","77","94"],["0","0","0","-3","-6","12"],["0","0","0","0","-1","-2"]]},"deriv_order":2,"shift":0},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","0","0","1","6","12","16"],["0","0","0","1","10","32","32"],["0","0","0","0","3","17","20"],["0","0","0","0","0","1","4"]]},"deriv_order":3,"shift":0},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","0","0"],["1","-2","0"],["1","0","0"],["0","3","1"],["0","0","1"]]},"deriv_order":0,"shift":1},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","0","0","0"],["0","3","-6","0"],["0","3","0","0"],["0","0","9","3"],["0","0","0","3"]]},"deriv_order":1,"shift":1},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","0","0","0","0"],["0","0","1","-2","0"],["0","0","1","0","0"],["0","0","0","3","1"],["0","0","0","0","1"]]},"deriv_order":2,"shift":1}]},"exceptional_bases":[],"gauge":{"kind":"none"},"identifying_indices":[1],"index_shift":0,"input":{"first_index":1,"initial_polynomials":[["1"]],"recurrence":{"denominator":{"coeffs":[["0","-1","0"],["-1","7","-1"],["1","-9","3"],["0","3","-3"],["0","0","1"]]},"terms":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","-1","8","0"],["-1","-9","-1","-4"],["1","-1","-19","-6"],["0","3","7","0"],["0","0","1","2"]]},"deriv_order":0,"offset":1,"sign":"none"},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","0","1","4","0"],["0","-1","-4","-1","-4"],["0","0","-3","-14","-8"],["0","0","0","-1","-4"]]},"deriv_order":1,"offset":1,"sign":"none"}]},"schema":"polytool.recurrence.v1"},"input_valid_from_base":1,"multiplier":["0","0","0","1"],"operator":{"coefficients":[{"denominator":["1"],"numerator":["1"]},{"denominator":["1"],"numerator":["2"]},{"denominator":["1"],"numerator":["1"]}],"shape":"euler_polynomial"},"parent":{"first_index":1,"initial_polynomials":[["1"],["1"]],"recurrence":{"terms":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["1"]]},"deriv_order":0,"offset":1,"sign":"none"},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","1"]]},"deriv_order":0,"offset":2,"sign":"none"}]},"schema":"polytool.recurrence.v1"},"parent_leader_shift":2,"parent_valid_from_base":1,"quotients":[],"row_annihilation":{"kind":"system","system":{"generators":[{"annihilator":{"terms":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","2"],["-1","-2"]]},"deriv_order":0,"shift":0},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","1","4"]]},"deriv_order":1,"shift":0},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0"],["1"]]},"deriv_order":0,"shift":1}]},"quotient":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","0","0","0","0","0","0"],["0","0","0","0","0","0","0"],["0","0","0","0","0","0","0"],["0","0","1","6","0","-32","0"],["0","0","1","8","16","0","0"],["0","0","0","3","25","56","16"],["0","0","0","0","1","8","16"]]},"deriv_order":0},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0"],["0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0"],["0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0"],["0","0","0","3","18","0","-96","0"],["0","0","0","3","24","48","0","0"],["0","0","0","0","9","75","168","48"],["0","0","0","0","0","3","24","48"]]},"deriv_order":1},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0"],["0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0"],["0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0"],["0","0","0","0","1","6","0","-32","0"],["0","0","0","0","1","8","16","0","0"],["0","0","0","0","0","3","25","56","16"],["0","0","0","0","0","0","1","8","16"]]},"deriv_order":2}],"step_multiplier":{"coeffs":[["0","0","0"],["0","0","0"],["0","1","4"]]},"step_quotients":[[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","0","0","0"],["0","0","0","0"],["0","0","-2","-8"]]},"deriv_order":0},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","0","0","0","0"],["0","0","1","8","16"]]},"deriv_order":1}],[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","0","0","0","0"],["0","0","-1","-8","-16"]]},"deriv_order":0}]]},{"annihilator":{"terms":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["2"],["-3"],["1"]]},"deriv_order":0,"shift":0},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["1","10"],["-1","-4"]]},"deriv_order":1,"shift":0},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","1","4"]]},"deriv_order":2,"shift":0}]},"quotient":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0"],["0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0"],["0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0"],["0","0","0","0","10","84","192","64"],["0","0","0","0","14","122","304","160"],["0","0","0","0","0","6","48","96"]]},"deriv_order":0},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0"],["0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0"],["0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0"],["0","0","0","0","0","4","36","96","64"],["0","0","0","0","0","6","56","160","128"],["0","0","0","0","0","0","4","32","64"]]},"deriv_order":1}],"step_multiplier":{"coeffs":[["0","0","0","0","0"],["0","0","0","0","0"],["0","0","0","0","0"],["0","0","1","8","16"]]},"step_quotients":[[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","0","0","0","0"],["0","0","0","0","0"],["0","0","0","0","0"],["0","0","-1","-8","-16"],["0","0","1","8","16"]]},"deriv_order":0},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","0","0","0","0","0"],["0","0","0","0","0","0"],["0","0","0","6","48","96"],["0","0","-1","-12","-48","-64"]]},"deriv_order":1},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","0","0","0","0","0","0"],["0","0","0","0","0","0","0"],["0","0","0","1","12","48","64"]]},"deriv_order":2}],[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","0","0","0","0","0"],["0","0","0","0","0","0"],["0","0","0","-6","-48","-96"],["0","0","1","10","32","32"]]},"deriv_order":0},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","0","0","0","0","0","0"],["0","0","0","0","0","0","0"],["0","0","0","-1","-12","-48","-64"]]},"deriv_order":1}]]}],"restart_bases":[],"row_multiplier":{"coeffs":[["0","0","1","8","16"]]},"start_base":1}},"shifted_parent_relation":{"terms":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","-1"]]},"deriv_order":0,"shift":0},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["-1"]]},"deriv_order":0,"shift":1},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["1"]]},"deriv_order":0,"shift":2}]},"statement":"w(n) E = sum_nu H_nu S^nu L' (with any remainder removed by row annihilators of the parent), where L' is the parent rule at P'_n = P_(n+0) (valid from base 1) and E the input rule gauged by lambda(n)/delta(n) and composed with (or conjugated through) T = f(n, theta) = 1 + (2) theta + (1) theta^2; so the candidate rows satisfy the input rule at every base n >= 1 (the exceptional bases checked exactly), and agreement on the 1 identifying rows gives Q_n = lambda(n) T_n(P_(n+0)) for every n >= 1"},"method":"operator_division"},"status":"certified"},"input_first_index":1,"interlacing":{"reason":"no parent theorem report with an interlacing conclusion","status":"none"},"lean_declarations":["RealRooted.isMultiplierSequence_eval_of_roots_nonpos","RealRooted.isPFMultiplierSequence_eval_of_roots_nonpos","RealRooted.isMultiplierSequence_iff_preserves"],"lift_summary":{"hypotheses":[{"evidence":"the polynomial with ascending coefficients [1, 2, 1] is fixed; exact check: real-rooted = true, coefficients of one sign = true","name":"euler_polynomial_roots_nonpositive","statement":"the polynomial in theta is real-rooted with every root <= 0 for every n >= n0","status":{"kind":"verified"}},{"evidence":"lambda(n) = 1","name":"gauge_finite_nonzero","statement":"lambda(n) is finite and nonzero for every n >= n0","status":{"kind":"verified"}},{"evidence":"delta(n) != 0 for every integer n in [1, +inf) (exact; Taylor shift: the coefficients of delta(n) at n = 1 + u have one sign)","name":"operator_coefficients_defined","sign_decision":{"certificate":{"condition":"nonzero","denominator":["1"],"method":{"kind":"taylor_shift","shifted_denominator":["1"],"shifted_numerator":["1"]},"numerator":["1"],"range":{"first":"1","last":null}},"decision":"holds"},"statement":"the operator coefficients are finite at every n >= n0 (their denominators do not vanish)","status":{"kind":"verified"}}],"identity":{"method":"forward_division","status":"certified"},"input_first_index":1,"input_interlacing":{"reason":"no parent theorem report with an interlacing conclusion","status":"not_proved"},"lean_replay":"not_attempted","operation":{"description":"f(n, theta) = 1 + (2) theta + (1) theta^2","kind":"preserver_image","operator":{"coefficients":[{"denominator":["1"],"numerator":["1"]},{"denominator":["1"],"numerator":["2"]},{"denominator":["1"],"numerator":["1"]}],"shape":"euler_polynomial"}},"parent":{"gauge":{"kind":"none"},"index_shift":0,"recurrence":{"first_index":1,"initial_polynomials":[["1"],["1"]],"recurrence":{"terms":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["1"]]},"deriv_order":0,"offset":1,"sign":"none"},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","1"]]},"deriv_order":0,"offset":2,"sign":"none"}]},"schema":"polytool.recurrence.v1"},"relation":"Q_n = lambda(n) T_n(P_(n+0)) with T = f(n, theta) = 1 + (2) theta + (1) theta^2, for every n >= 1"},"parent_proof":{"route":"paper_theorem","statement":"every parent row P_n, n >= 1, is zero or real-rooted with coefficients of one sign","status":"proved"},"root_transfer":{"input_conclusion":"every Q_n, n >= 1, is zero or real-rooted with roots in (-inf, 0]","input_root_region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}},"parent_hypothesis":"every parent row used is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0] (coefficients of one sign)","parent_root_region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}},"theorem":"Laguerre's theorem on multiplier sequences: if f is a real polynomial whose roots are all real and <= 0, then (f(k))_(k >= 0) is a multiplier sequence, so x^k -> f(k) x^k maps every real-rooted polynomial to a real-rooted polynomial or zero (Laguerre; see T. Craven and G. Csordas, Multiplier sequences for fields, Illinois J. Math. 21 (1977); Polya--Schur, Theorem 40 of P. Branden, arXiv:1410.6601: sum_k f(k) x^k / k! = f(theta) e^x = C e^x x^m prod (1 + x/a_j), a_j > 0); f(k) has one sign for k >= 0, so coefficients of one sign stay of one sign; applied to f(n, .) for each n"},"verdict":"proved"},"notes":["the division remainder is removed by row annihilators of the shifted parent"],"parent_proof":{"attempts":[{"detail":"the rule is not P_(n+k) = c(x) P_n with c free of n","route":"periodic_product","success":false,"variant":"P_(n+k) = c(x) P_n"},{"detail":"P_n = P_(n-1) + t P_(n-2); P_0 = 1, P_m = 0 for m < 0; generating function 1/(1 - x R(t x^1)) (paper_proof_not_lean_checked): For all n, s >= 0 with 1*s <= 1*1+1: P_n << P_(n+s) (oriented weak interlacing; shared and repeated zeros allowed). Every P_n has nonnegative coefficients and constant term 1 and is real-rooted.; the identifying seeds equal the canonical rows (CanonicalAfterRelabel), so every parent row is a canonical row","route":"paper_theorem","success":true,"variant":"weighted_renewal_window"},{"detail":"the parent rows are not the canonical boundary rows (Mismatch)","route":"paper_theorem","success":false,"variant":"fixed_delay_predecessor_window"}],"conditional_on":[],"interlacing":{"from_index":2,"justification":{"premises":["homogeneous, index-independent, no derivatives or sign factors; every t^j term has lag 1 + 1*j with ell = 1 >= 1 (exact_structural)","R(z) = 1 + 1 z has R(0) = 1 and nonnegative coefficients (exact_rational)","R(z) has only real zeros (exact_root_count)","window: P_n << P_(n+s) for every n >= 0 and 0 <= s <= 2 (1*s <= 1*1+1 (d*s <= d*ell+1))","the identifying parent seeds equal the canonical rows (CanonicalAfterRelabel), so every parent row is a canonical row and consecutive parent rows are consecutive canonical rows"],"theorem":"weighted_renewal_window (paper_proof_not_lean_checked; https://github.com/PerAlexandersson/RealRooted/issues/2037): For all n, s >= 0 with 1*s <= 1*1+1: P_n << P_(n+s) (oriented weak interlacing; shared and repeated zeros allowed). Every P_n has nonnegative coefficients and constant term 1 and is real-rooted."},"kind":"weak","orientation":"previous_interlaces_next"},"route":"paper_theorem","rows_checked":10,"statement":"every parent row P_n, n >= 1, is zero or real-rooted with coefficients of one sign","status":"proved"},"rows_compared":16,"schema":"polytool.recurrence-preserver-image.v1","statement":"proved: Q_n = lambda(n) T_n(P_(n+0)) with T = f(n, theta) = 1 + (2) theta + (1) theta^2 for every n >= 1, the side conditions hold for every n, and every parent row P_n, n >= 1, is zero or real-rooted with coefficients of one sign; so every Q_n, n >= 1, is zero or real-rooted with roots in (-inf, 0]"},"kind":"preserver_image"}
