{"certification":{"candidate":{"gauge":{"kind":"none"},"index_shift":0,"operator":{"schedule":{"first_degree":0,"first_index":0,"step":1},"shape":"reversal"},"parent":{"first_index":0,"initial_polynomials":[["1"],["2","1"]],"recurrence":{"terms":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["3","2"]]},"deriv_order":0,"offset":1,"sign":"none"},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["-1","-2","-1"]]},"deriv_order":0,"offset":2,"sign":"none"}]},"schema":"polytool.recurrence.v1"},"parent_name":"Bisection of Fibonacci triangle A037027: even-indexed members of column sequences of A037027 (not counting leading zeros)."},"identifying_rows":1,"identity":{"certificate":{"certificate":{"dividend_relation":{"terms":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["-2","-1"],["-8","-6"]]},"deriv_order":0,"shift":0},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["5","9","4"]]},"deriv_order":1,"shift":0},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["1"],["2"]]},"deriv_order":0,"shift":1}]},"exceptional_bases":[],"gauge":{"kind":"none"},"identifying_indices":[0],"index_shift":0,"input":{"first_index":0,"initial_polynomials":[["1"]],"recurrence":{"denominator":{"coeffs":[["-1"],["2"]]},"terms":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["-1","3","5"],["2","-1","-5"]]},"deriv_order":0,"offset":1,"sign":"none"},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","4","9","5"]]},"deriv_order":1,"offset":1,"sign":"none"}]},"schema":"polytool.recurrence.v1"},"input_valid_from_base":0,"multiplier":["1/2","1"],"operator":{"schedule":{"first_degree":0,"first_index":0,"step":1},"shape":"reversal"},"parent":{"first_index":0,"initial_polynomials":[["1"],["2","1"]],"recurrence":{"terms":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["3","2"]]},"deriv_order":0,"offset":1,"sign":"none"},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["-1","-2","-1"]]},"deriv_order":0,"offset":2,"sign":"none"}]},"schema":"polytool.recurrence.v1"},"parent_leader_shift":2,"parent_valid_from_base":0,"quotients":[],"row_annihilation":{"kind":"system","system":{"generators":[{"annihilator":{"terms":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["-2","-1"],["-8","-6"]]},"deriv_order":0,"shift":0},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["5","9","4"]]},"deriv_order":1,"shift":0},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["1"],["2"]]},"deriv_order":0,"shift":1}]},"quotient":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["1"],["2"]]},"deriv_order":0}],"step_multiplier":{"coeffs":[["5","9","4"],["20","36","16"],["20","36","16"]]},"step_quotients":[[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["-5","-14","-13","-4"],["-20","-56","-52","-16"],["-20","-56","-52","-16"]]},"deriv_order":0},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["25","90","121","72","16"],["50","180","242","144","32"]]},"deriv_order":1}],[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["-25","-90","-121","-72","-16"],["-50","-180","-242","-144","-32"]]},"deriv_order":0}]]},{"annihilator":{"terms":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0"],["-2"],["4"]]},"deriv_order":0,"shift":0},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["6","6"],["-10","-8"]]},"deriv_order":1,"shift":0},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["5","9","4"]]},"deriv_order":2,"shift":0}]},"quotient":[],"step_multiplier":{"coeffs":[["25","90","121","72","16"],["150","540","726","432","96"],["300","1080","1452","864","192"],["200","720","968","576","128"]]},"step_quotients":[[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["50","180","242","144","32"],["350","1260","1694","1008","224"],["900","3240","4356","2592","576"],["1000","3600","4840","2880","640"],["400","1440","1936","1152","256"]]},"deriv_order":0},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["-100","-410","-664","-530","-208","-32"],["-650","-2740","-4586","-3808","-1568","-256"],["-1400","-6040","-10376","-8872","-3776","-640"],["-1000","-4400","-7720","-6752","-2944","-512"]]},"deriv_order":1},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["125","675","1515","1809","1212","432","64"],["500","2700","6060","7236","4848","1728","256"],["500","2700","6060","7236","4848","1728","256"]]},"deriv_order":2}],[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["75","295","453","337","120","16"],["500","2050","3320","2650","1040","160"],["1100","4660","7844","6556","2720","448"],["800","3480","6032","5208","2240","384"]]},"deriv_order":0},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["-125","-675","-1515","-1809","-1212","-432","-64"],["-500","-2700","-6060","-7236","-4848","-1728","-256"],["-500","-2700","-6060","-7236","-4848","-1728","-256"]]},"deriv_order":1}]]}],"restart_bases":[],"row_multiplier":{"coeffs":[["2"]]},"start_base":0}},"shifted_parent_relation":{"terms":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["1","2","1"]]},"deriv_order":0,"shift":0},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["-3","-2"]]},"deriv_order":0,"shift":1},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["1"]]},"deriv_order":0,"shift":2}]},"statement":"w(n) E = sum_nu H_nu S^nu L' (with any remainder removed by row annihilators of the parent), where L' is the parent rule at P'_n = P_(n+0) (valid from base 0) and E the input rule gauged by lambda(n)/delta(n) and composed with (or conjugated through) T = x^(d_n) P(1/x), d_n = 0 + 1 (n - 0); so the candidate rows satisfy the input rule at every base n >= 0 (the exceptional bases checked exactly), and agreement on the 1 identifying rows gives Q_n = lambda(n) T_n(P_(n+0)) for every n >= 0"},"method":"operator_division"},"status":"certified"},"input_first_index":0,"interlacing":{"reason":"the schedule d_n depends on n","status":"none"},"lean_declarations":["RealRooted.X_pow_mul_reverse_eq_zero_or_splits","RealRooted.reflect_eq_zero_or_splits"],"lean_route":"reversed","lift_summary":{"hypotheses":[{"evidence":"lambda(n) = 1","name":"gauge_finite_nonzero","statement":"lambda(n) is finite and nonzero for every n >= n0","status":{"kind":"verified"}}],"identity":{"method":"forward_division","status":"certified"},"input_first_index":0,"input_interlacing":{"reason":"the schedule d_n depends on n","status":"not_proved"},"lean_replay":"not_attempted","operation":{"description":"x^(d_n) P(1/x), d_n = 0 + 1 (n - 0)","kind":"preserver_image","operator":{"schedule":{"first_degree":0,"first_index":0,"step":1},"shape":"reversal"}},"parent":{"gauge":{"kind":"none"},"index_shift":0,"recurrence":{"first_index":0,"initial_polynomials":[["1"],["2","1"]],"recurrence":{"terms":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["3","2"]]},"deriv_order":0,"offset":1,"sign":"none"},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["-1","-2","-1"]]},"deriv_order":0,"offset":2,"sign":"none"}]},"schema":"polytool.recurrence.v1"},"relation":"Q_n = lambda(n) T_n(P_(n+0)) with T = x^(d_n) P(1/x), d_n = 0 + 1 (n - 0), for every n >= 0"},"parent_proof":{"route":"three_term_recurrence_whole_line","statement":"every P_n, n >= 0, is nonzero and real-rooted, with simple roots from n = 0 on; Q_(n-1) strictly interlaces Q_n in y for n >= 1","status":"proved"},"root_transfer":{"input_conclusion":"every Q_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with roots in (-inf, +inf)","input_root_region":{},"parent_hypothesis":"every parent row used is real-rooted (anywhere on the line)","parent_root_region":{},"theorem":"a real affine substitution x -> a x + b (a != 0), the reversal x^d p(1/x) (d >= deg p) and a real Mobius map (c x + e)^d p((a x + b)/(c x + e)) (a e - b c != 0, d >= deg p) map real roots to real roots: a root r of p gives the root (r - b)/a, 1/r (and 0) or (e r - b)/(a - c r) (and -e/c); for an input row that is a polynomial the degree condition holds automatically"},"verdict":"proved"},"notes":["the division remainder is removed by row annihilators of the shifted parent"],"parent_interlacing_report":{"conclusion":{"first_index":0,"simple_roots":true,"statement":"every P_n, n >= 0, is nonzero and real-rooted, with simple roots from n = 0 on; Q_(n-1) strictly interlaces Q_n in y for n >= 1"},"hypotheses":[{"evidence":"f(n) a_n = 1 != 0 for every integer n in [2, +inf) (exact; Taylor shift: the coefficients of f(n) a_n = 1 at n = 2 + u have one sign)","name":"leading_coefficient_nonzero","sign_decision":{"certificate":{"condition":"nonzero","denominator":["1"],"method":{"kind":"taylor_shift","shifted_denominator":["1"],"shifted_numerator":["1"]},"numerator":["1"],"range":{"first":"2","last":null}},"decision":"holds"},"statement":"a_n != 0 for every n >= 2","status":{"kind":"verified"}},{"evidence":"Q_0 has degree 0, Q_1 degree 1; simple real roots and strict interlacing checked exactly","name":"seeds_interlace","statement":"Q_0 and Q_1 have simple real roots, degrees e and e + 1, and Q_0 strictly interlaces Q_1","status":{"kind":"verified"}},{"evidence":"beta_2 = 1 (exact)","name":"first_coefficient_positive","statement":"beta_2 = c_2 L_0 / (a_2 L_1) > 0","status":{"kind":"verified"}},{"evidence":"beta_n = 1 > 0 for every integer n in [3, +inf) (exact; Taylor shift: the coefficients of beta_n = 1 at n = 3 + u have one sign)","name":"recurrence_coefficient_positive","sign_decision":{"certificate":{"condition":"positive","denominator":["1"],"method":{"kind":"taylor_shift","shifted_denominator":["1"],"shifted_numerator":["1"]},"numerator":["1"],"range":{"first":"3","last":null}},"decision":"holds"},"statement":"beta_n = c_n / (a_n a_(n-1)) > 0 for every n >= 3","status":{"kind":"verified"}}],"lean_replay":"not_attempted","normal_form":"P_n = (a_n + b_n (x + 1)) P_(n-1) - c_n (x + 1)^2 P_(n-2) for n >= 2, with a_n = 1, b_n = 2, c_n = 1; Q_n(y) = y^(d_n) P_n(1/y - 1), d_n = deg P_0 + n - 0, satisfies Q_n = (a_n y + b_n) Q_(n-1) - c_n Q_(n-2)","recurrence":{"first_index":0,"initial_polynomials":[["1"],["2","1"]],"recurrence":{"terms":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["3","2"]]},"deriv_order":0,"offset":1,"sign":"none"},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["-1","-2","-1"]]},"deriv_order":0,"offset":2,"sign":"none"}]},"schema":"polytool.recurrence.v1"},"reference":"three-term recurrence Q_n = (a_n y + b_n) Q_(n-1) - c_n Q_(n-2) with a_n != 0 and beta_n = c_n / (a_n a_(n-1)) > 0: simple real roots and strict interlacing of consecutive rows (zero separation for orthogonal polynomials: G. Szeg\u0151, Orthogonal Polynomials, \u00a73.3; Favard, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 200 (1935)); root regions by a positive-ratio (chain-sequence) induction","schema":"polytool.recurrence-real-rootedness-theorem.v1","status":"proved","theorem":"three_term_recurrence"},"parent_proof":{"attempts":[{"detail":"the rule is not P_(n+k) = c(x) P_n with c free of n","route":"periodic_product","success":false,"variant":"P_(n+k) = c(x) P_n"},{"detail":"no theorem matched (weighted_renewal_window: coefficient of P_(n-1) must be 1 after normalization; fixed_delay_predecessor_window: coefficient of P_(n-1) must be 1 (+ w(n) t) after normalization)","route":"paper_theorem","success":false,"variant":"match_recurrence_theorems"},{"detail":"Unresolved: P_n = (a_n + b_n (x + 1)) P_(n-1) - c_n (x + 1)^2 P_(n-2) for n >= 2, with a_n = 1, b_n = 2, c_n = 1; Q_n(y) = y^(d_n) P_n(1/y - 1), d_n = deg P_0 + n - 0, satisfies Q_n = (a_n y + b_n) Q_(n-1) - c_n Q_(n-2); open hypotheses: root_region: the region contains the pole x = -1 of the coordinate change y = 1/(x + 1)","route":"three_term_recurrence","success":false,"variant":"three_term_recurrence"},{"detail":"not applicable: the rule is not f(n) P_n = c_0(n, x) P_(n-1) + c_1(n, x) P'_(n-1)","route":"liu_wang","success":false,"variant":"liu_wang"},{"detail":"HypothesisFailed: P_n = A_n(x) P_(n-1) + V_n(x) P'_(n-1) + W_n(x) P_(n-2) for n >= 2, with A_n(x) = (3) + (2) x, V_n(x) = 0, W_n(x) = (-1) + (-2) x + (-1) x^2; open hypotheses: lag_degree_step_nonnegative: fails at n = 2: mu_n = -1 = -1 there (exact); multipliers_vanish_at_zero: [x^0] c_2(n, x) = -1 is not the zero polynomial; lag_coefficient_nonpositive: W_n is not separable with a factor of one sign on (-inf, 0), and the sufficient monomial test (-1)^k [x^k] W_n <= 0 fails for k = 1 (not a disproof): fails at n = 2: [x^1] W_n = -2 there (exact); derivative_or_lag_coefficient_negative: W_n is not separable with a factor of one sign on (-inf, 0), and the sufficient monomial test (-1)^k [x^k] W_n <= 0 fails for k = 1 (not a disproof): fails at n = 2: [x^1] W_n = -2 there (exact)","route":"liu_wang_derivative_lag","success":false,"variant":"liu_wang_derivative_lag"},{"detail":"not applicable: the rule is not f(n) P_n = c_0(n, x) P_(n-1) + gamma(n) (x - L)(x - U) P'_(n-1)","route":"ma_wang_interval","success":false,"variant":"ma_wang_interval"},{"detail":"the parent equals the flagged entry, but the flag gives real-rootedness only and one-signed coefficients are not shown: the weight of the coefficient of x^s of P_(n-2) in the coefficient of x^(s+0) is not shown to be >= 0 for n >= 2","route":"attestation","success":false,"variant":"oeis_catalog:A060920:lean_proved"},{"detail":"no lean_proved catalog entry equals the parent; 24 with the same first index and seeds differ in the rule or in later initial rows (oeis_catalog:A029653:lean_proved, oeis_catalog:A084950:lean_proved, oeis_catalog:A093375:lean_proved, oeis_catalog:A104029:lean_proved, oeis_catalog:A106246:lean_proved, oeis_catalog:A113214:lean_proved, oeis_catalog:A113413:lean_proved, oeis_catalog:A117317:lean_proved, oeis_catalog:A119308:lean_proved, oeis_catalog:A119808:lean_proved, oeis_catalog:A121574:lean_proved, oeis_catalog:A126216:lean_proved, oeis_catalog:A133087:lean_proved, oeis_catalog:A134082:lean_proved, oeis_catalog:A154929:lean_proved, oeis_catalog:A156319:lean_proved, oeis_catalog:A167194:lean_proved, oeis_catalog:A193727:lean_proved, oeis_catalog:A193728:lean_proved, oeis_catalog:A193730:lean_proved, oeis_catalog:A193735:lean_proved, oeis_catalog:A202241:lean_proved, oeis_catalog:A318397:lean_proved, oeis_catalog:A394813:lean_proved)","route":"attestation","success":false,"variant":"oeis_catalog"}],"conditional_on":[],"rows_checked":10,"statement":"open: no route proved that every parent row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with coefficients of one sign; the first 10 parent rows pass the exact check (evidence only)","status":"not_proved"},"rows_compared":16,"schema":"polytool.recurrence-preserver-image.v1","statement":"proved: Q_n = lambda(n) T_n(P_(n+0)) with T = x^(d_n) P(1/x), d_n = 0 + 1 (n - 0) for every n >= 0, the side conditions hold for every n, and every P_n, n >= 0, is nonzero and real-rooted, with simple roots from n = 0 on; Q_(n-1) strictly interlaces Q_n in y for n >= 1; so every Q_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with roots in (-inf, +inf)","whole_line_parent_proof":{"conclusion":{"first_index":0,"simple_roots":true,"statement":"every P_n, n >= 0, is nonzero and real-rooted, with simple roots from n = 0 on; Q_(n-1) strictly interlaces Q_n in y for n >= 1"},"hypotheses":[{"evidence":"f(n) a_n = 1 != 0 for every integer n in [2, +inf) (exact; Taylor shift: the coefficients of f(n) a_n = 1 at n = 2 + u have one sign)","name":"leading_coefficient_nonzero","sign_decision":{"certificate":{"condition":"nonzero","denominator":["1"],"method":{"kind":"taylor_shift","shifted_denominator":["1"],"shifted_numerator":["1"]},"numerator":["1"],"range":{"first":"2","last":null}},"decision":"holds"},"statement":"a_n != 0 for every n >= 2","status":{"kind":"verified"}},{"evidence":"Q_0 has degree 0, Q_1 degree 1; simple real roots and strict interlacing checked exactly","name":"seeds_interlace","statement":"Q_0 and Q_1 have simple real roots, degrees e and e + 1, and Q_0 strictly interlaces Q_1","status":{"kind":"verified"}},{"evidence":"beta_2 = 1 (exact)","name":"first_coefficient_positive","statement":"beta_2 = c_2 L_0 / (a_2 L_1) > 0","status":{"kind":"verified"}},{"evidence":"beta_n = 1 > 0 for every integer n in [3, +inf) (exact; Taylor shift: the coefficients of beta_n = 1 at n = 3 + u have one sign)","name":"recurrence_coefficient_positive","sign_decision":{"certificate":{"condition":"positive","denominator":["1"],"method":{"kind":"taylor_shift","shifted_denominator":["1"],"shifted_numerator":["1"]},"numerator":["1"],"range":{"first":"3","last":null}},"decision":"holds"},"statement":"beta_n = c_n / (a_n a_(n-1)) > 0 for every n >= 3","status":{"kind":"verified"}}],"lean_replay":"not_attempted","normal_form":"P_n = (a_n + b_n (x + 1)) P_(n-1) - c_n (x + 1)^2 P_(n-2) for n >= 2, with a_n = 1, b_n = 2, c_n = 1; Q_n(y) = y^(d_n) P_n(1/y - 1), d_n = deg P_0 + n - 0, satisfies Q_n = (a_n y + b_n) Q_(n-1) - c_n Q_(n-2)","recurrence":{"first_index":0,"initial_polynomials":[["1"],["2","1"]],"recurrence":{"terms":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["3","2"]]},"deriv_order":0,"offset":1,"sign":"none"},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["-1","-2","-1"]]},"deriv_order":0,"offset":2,"sign":"none"}]},"schema":"polytool.recurrence.v1"},"reference":"three-term recurrence Q_n = (a_n y + b_n) Q_(n-1) - c_n Q_(n-2) with a_n != 0 and beta_n = c_n / (a_n a_(n-1)) > 0: simple real roots and strict interlacing of consecutive rows (zero separation for orthogonal polynomials: G. Szeg\u0151, Orthogonal Polynomials, \u00a73.3; Favard, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 200 (1935)); root regions by a positive-ratio (chain-sequence) induction","schema":"polytool.recurrence-real-rootedness-theorem.v1","status":"proved","theorem":"three_term_recurrence"}},"kind":"preserver_image"}