{"certification":{"candidate":{"gauge":{"kind":"none"},"index_shift":0,"operator":{"a":"1","b":"0","c":"1","e":"1","schedule":{"first_degree":0,"first_index":0,"step":1},"shape":"mobius"},"parent":{"first_index":0,"initial_polynomials":[["1"],["2","2"]],"recurrence":{"terms":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["1","2"]]},"deriv_order":0,"offset":2,"sign":"none"},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["2","2"]]},"deriv_order":0,"offset":1,"sign":"none"}]},"schema":"polytool.recurrence.v1"},"parent_name":"basis_map_A013609 of delannoy"},"identifying_rows":1,"identity":{"certificate":{"certificate":{"dividend_relation":{"terms":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["-2","8","-10","0","10","-8","2"],["1","-3","0","10","-15","9","-2"],["-2","10","-20","20","-10","2","0"]]},"deriv_order":0,"shift":0},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["-6","15","9","-60","60","-9","-15","6"],["4","-12","2","30","-40","16","2","-2"]]},"deriv_order":1,"shift":0},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["-2","2","11","-17","-10","32","-17","-1","2"]]},"deriv_order":2,"shift":0},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["1","-5","10","-10","5","-1"],["1","-5","10","-10","5","-1"]]},"deriv_order":0,"shift":1}]},"exceptional_bases":[],"gauge":{"kind":"none"},"identifying_indices":[0],"index_shift":0,"input":{"first_index":0,"initial_polynomials":[["1"]],"recurrence":{"denominator":{"coeffs":[["0","0","0","0"],["1","3","3","1"]]},"terms":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["19","137","400","610","515","229","42"],["-25","-183","-547","-856","-741","-337","-63"],["8","56","165","260","230","108","21"]]},"deriv_order":0,"offset":1,"sign":"none"},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["18","171","669","1410","1740","1263","501","84"],["-8","-76","-300","-642","-808","-600","-244","-42"]]},"deriv_order":1,"offset":1,"sign":"none"},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["2","24","121","336","565","592","379","136","21"]]},"deriv_order":2,"offset":1,"sign":"none"}]},"schema":"polytool.recurrence.v1"},"input_valid_from_base":0,"multiplier":["1","1"],"operator":{"a":"1","b":"0","c":"1","e":"1","schedule":{"first_degree":0,"first_index":0,"step":1},"shape":"mobius"},"parent":{"first_index":0,"initial_polynomials":[["1"],["2","2"]],"recurrence":{"terms":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["1","2"]]},"deriv_order":0,"offset":2,"sign":"none"},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["2","2"]]},"deriv_order":0,"offset":1,"sign":"none"}]},"schema":"polytool.recurrence.v1"},"parent_leader_shift":2,"parent_valid_from_base":0,"quotients":[],"row_annihilation":{"kind":"system","system":{"generators":[{"annihilator":{"terms":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["-2","-2"],["1","2"],["-2","0"]]},"deriv_order":0,"shift":0},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["-6","-15","-6"],["4","8","2"]]},"deriv_order":1,"shift":0},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["-2","-8","-9","-2"]]},"deriv_order":2,"shift":0},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["1"],["1"]]},"deriv_order":0,"shift":1}]},"quotient":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["1","-5","10","-10","5","-1"],["1","-5","10","-10","5","-1"]]},"deriv_order":0}],"step_multiplier":{"coeffs":[["0","0","0","8","96","492","1400","2406","2544","1617","582","108","8"],["0","0","0","24","288","1476","4200","7218","7632","4851","1746","324","24"],["0","0","0","24","288","1476","4200","7218","7632","4851","1746","324","24"],["0","0","0","8","96","492","1400","2406","2544","1617","582","108","8"]]},"step_quotients":[[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","0","0","8","128","876","3368","8006","12168","11793","7050","2436","440","32"],["0","0","0","8","192","1644","7304","19206","31416","32145","19986","7092","1304","96"],["0","0","0","-24","-192","-324","1704","9582","21240","25677","17658","6660","1272","96"],["0","0","0","-40","-448","-2076","-5032","-6430","-3096","2091","3558","1788","392","32"],["0","0","0","-16","-192","-984","-2800","-4812","-5088","-3234","-1164","-216","-16","0"]]},"deriv_order":0},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","0","0","-16","-248","-1688","-6628","-16580","-27530","-30666","-22659","-10758","-3100","-488","-32"],["0","0","0","0","-48","-624","-3528","-11352","-22836","-29700","-24966","-13194","-4140","-696","-48"],["0","0","0","48","648","3816","12828","27036","36918","32598","18045","5886","1020","72","0"],["0","0","0","32","448","2752","9728","21808","32224","31632","20352","8322","2060","280","16"]]},"deriv_order":1},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","0","0","-16","-256","-1824","-7616","-20632","-37920","-48040","-41808","-24513","-9352","-2200","-288","-16"],["0","0","0","-32","-512","-3648","-15232","-41264","-75840","-96080","-83616","-49026","-18704","-4400","-576","-32"],["0","0","0","-16","-256","-1824","-7616","-20632","-37920","-48040","-41808","-24513","-9352","-2200","-288","-16"]]},"deriv_order":2}],[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","-16","-224","-1352","-4576","-9428","-11912","-8598","-2544","690","716","184","16"],["0","-48","-688","-4248","-14712","-31084","-40548","-30882","-10866","906","1932","536","48"],["0","-48","-720","-4632","-16680","-36684","-50172","-41058","-17334","-1422","1500","504","48"],["0","-16","-272","-1928","-7528","-17828","-26348","-23862","-12246","-2802","68","136","16"],["0","0","-16","-192","-984","-2800","-4812","-5088","-3234","-1164","-216","-16","0"]]},"deriv_order":0},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","16","240","1576","5928","14004","21340","20510","11142","1854","-1406","-900","-200","-16"],["0","32","512","3600","14608","37736","64488","73244","53916","24060","5510","260","-120","-16"],["0","16","304","2472","11432","33460","64956","84958","74406","42558","15238","3220","360","16"],["0","0","32","448","2752","9728","21808","32224","31632","20352","8322","2060","280","16"]]},"deriv_order":1},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","0","-16","-256","-1824","-7616","-20632","-37920","-48040","-41808","-24513","-9352","-2200","-288","-16"],["0","0","-32","-512","-3648","-15232","-41264","-75840","-96080","-83616","-49026","-18704","-4400","-576","-32"],["0","0","-16","-256","-1824","-7616","-20632","-37920","-48040","-41808","-24513","-9352","-2200","-288","-16"]]},"deriv_order":2}]]},{"annihilator":{"terms":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","0","0"],["2","2","-2"],["0","2","0"]]},"deriv_order":0,"shift":0},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["-2","-2","6","4"],["0","-4","-8","-2"]]},"deriv_order":1,"shift":0},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","2","8","9","2"]]},"deriv_order":2,"shift":0}]},"quotient":[],"step_multiplier":{"coeffs":[["0","0","0","8","96","492","1400","2406","2544","1617","582","108","8"],["0","0","0","24","288","1476","4200","7218","7632","4851","1746","324","24"],["0","0","0","24","288","1476","4200","7218","7632","4851","1746","324","24"],["0","0","0","8","96","492","1400","2406","2544","1617","582","108","8"]]},"step_quotients":[[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","0","0","16","224","1352","4576","9428","11912","8598","2544","-690","-716","-184","-16"],["0","0","0","48","688","4248","14712","31084","40548","30882","10866","-906","-1932","-536","-48"],["0","0","0","48","720","4632","16680","36684","50172","41058","17334","1422","-1500","-504","-48"],["0","0","0","16","272","1928","7528","17828","26348","23862","12246","2802","-68","-136","-16"],["0","0","0","0","16","192","984","2800","4812","5088","3234","1164","216","16","0"]]},"deriv_order":0},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","0","0","-16","-240","-1576","-5928","-14004","-21340","-20510","-11142","-1854","1406","900","200","16"],["0","0","0","-32","-512","-3600","-14608","-37736","-64488","-73244","-53916","-24060","-5510","-260","120","16"],["0","0","0","-16","-304","-2472","-11432","-33460","-64956","-84958","-74406","-42558","-15238","-3220","-360","-16"],["0","0","0","0","-32","-448","-2752","-9728","-21808","-32224","-31632","-20352","-8322","-2060","-280","-16"]]},"deriv_order":1},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","0","0","0","16","256","1824","7616","20632","37920","48040","41808","24513","9352","2200","288","16"],["0","0","0","0","32","512","3648","15232","41264","75840","96080","83616","49026","18704","4400","576","32"],["0","0","0","0","16","256","1824","7616","20632","37920","48040","41808","24513","9352","2200","288","16"]]},"deriv_order":2}],[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","0","32","456","2832","10028","22224","31830","29364","16881","5670","1004","72"],["0","0","96","1384","8688","31068","69472","100302","93180","53877","18174","3228","232"],["0","0","96","1416","9072","33036","75072","109926","103356","60345","20502","3660","264"],["0","0","32","504","3408","12980","30624","46266","44628","26583","9162","1652","120"],["0","0","0","16","192","984","2800","4812","5088","3234","1164","216","16"]]},"deriv_order":0},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","0","-32","-496","-3400","-13544","-34636","-59260","-68550","-52950","-26367","-7946","-1300","-88","0"],["0","0","-64","-1024","-7248","-29840","-79000","-140328","-169324","-137532","-73086","-24214","-4660","-456","-16"],["0","0","-32","-560","-4296","-19048","-54092","-102876","-132998","-116214","-67071","-24590","-5420","-648","-32"],["0","0","0","-32","-448","-2752","-9728","-21808","-32224","-31632","-20352","-8322","-2060","-280","-16"]]},"deriv_order":1},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["0","0","0","16","256","1824","7616","20632","37920","48040","41808","24513","9352","2200","288","16"],["0","0","0","32","512","3648","15232","41264","75840","96080","83616","49026","18704","4400","576","32"],["0","0","0","16","256","1824","7616","20632","37920","48040","41808","24513","9352","2200","288","16"]]},"deriv_order":2}]]}],"restart_bases":[],"row_multiplier":{"coeffs":[["1"]]},"start_base":0}},"shifted_parent_relation":{"terms":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["-1","-2"]]},"deriv_order":0,"shift":0},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["-2","-2"]]},"deriv_order":0,"shift":1},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["1"]]},"deriv_order":0,"shift":2}]},"statement":"w(n) E = sum_nu H_nu S^nu L' (with any remainder removed by row annihilators of the parent), where L' is the parent rule at P'_n = P_(n+0) (valid from base 0) and E the input rule gauged by lambda(n)/delta(n) and composed with (or conjugated through) T = ((1) x + (1))^(d_n) P(((1) x + (0))/((1) x + (1))), d_n = 0 + 1 (n - 0); so the candidate rows satisfy the input rule at every base n >= 0 (the exceptional bases checked exactly), and agreement on the 1 identifying rows gives Q_n = lambda(n) T_n(P_(n+0)) for every n >= 0"},"method":"operator_division"},"status":"certified"},"input_first_index":0,"interlacing":{"reason":"the schedule d_n depends on n","status":"none"},"lean_declarations":["RealRooted.splits_fPolynomial"],"lean_route":"fTransform","lift_summary":{"hypotheses":[{"evidence":"lambda(n) = 1","name":"gauge_finite_nonzero","statement":"lambda(n) is finite and nonzero for every n >= n0","status":{"kind":"verified"}}],"identity":{"method":"forward_division","status":"certified"},"input_first_index":0,"input_interlacing":{"reason":"the schedule d_n depends on n","status":"not_proved"},"lean_replay":"not_attempted","operation":{"description":"((1) x + (1))^(d_n) P(((1) x + (0))/((1) x + (1))), d_n = 0 + 1 (n - 0)","kind":"preserver_image","operator":{"a":"1","b":"0","c":"1","e":"1","schedule":{"first_degree":0,"first_index":0,"step":1},"shape":"mobius"}},"parent":{"gauge":{"kind":"none"},"index_shift":0,"recurrence":{"first_index":0,"initial_polynomials":[["1"],["2","2"]],"recurrence":{"terms":[{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["1","2"]]},"deriv_order":0,"offset":2,"sign":"none"},{"coeff":{"coeffs":[["2","2"]]},"deriv_order":0,"offset":1,"sign":"none"}]},"schema":"polytool.recurrence.v1"},"relation":"Q_n = lambda(n) T_n(P_(n+0)) with T = ((1) x + (1))^(d_n) P(((1) x + (0))/((1) x + (1))), d_n = 0 + 1 (n - 0), for every n >= 0"},"parent_proof":{"route":"liu_wang_three_term","statement":"every parent row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with coefficients of one sign","status":"proved"},"root_transfer":{"input_conclusion":"every Q_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with roots in [-1, 0]","input_root_region":{"lower":{"closed":true,"value":"-1"},"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}},"parent_hypothesis":"every parent row used is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0] (coefficients of one sign)","parent_root_region":{"upper":{"closed":true,"value":"0"}},"theorem":"a real affine substitution x -> a x + b (a != 0), the reversal x^d p(1/x) (d >= deg p) and a real Mobius map (c x + e)^d p((a x + b)/(c x + e)) (a e - b c != 0, d >= deg p) map real roots to real roots: a root r of p gives the root (r - b)/a, 1/r (and 0) or (e r - b)/(a - c r) (and -e/c); for an input row that is a polynomial the degree condition holds automatically"},"verdict":"proved"},"notes":["the division remainder is removed by row annihilators of the shifted parent"],"parent_proof":{"attempts":[{"detail":"the rule is not P_(n+k) = c(x) P_n with c free of n","route":"periodic_product","success":false,"variant":"P_(n+k) = c(x) P_n"},{"detail":"not applicable: expected one nonzero lag term","route":"product_recurrence","success":false,"variant":"product_recurrence"},{"detail":"no theorem matched (weighted_renewal_window: coefficient of P_(n-1) must be 1 after normalization; fixed_delay_predecessor_window: coefficient of P_(n-1) must be 1 (+ w(n) t) after normalization)","route":"paper_theorem","success":false,"variant":"match_recurrence_theorems"},{"detail":"not applicable: c_2(n, x) = gamma(n) w(x) with w neither constant nor a constant times a square (x + v_0)^2","route":"three_term_recurrence","success":false,"variant":"three_term_recurrence"},{"detail":"not applicable: the rule is not f(n) P_n = c_0(n, x) P_(n-1) + c_1(n, x) P'_(n-1)","route":"liu_wang","success":false,"variant":"liu_wang"},{"detail":"HypothesisFailed: P_n = A_n(x) P_(n-1) + V_n(x) P'_(n-1) + W_n(x) P_(n-2) for n >= 2, with A_n(x) = (2) + (2) x, V_n(x) = 0, W_n(x) = (1) + (2) x; open hypotheses: multipliers_vanish_at_zero: [x^0] c_2(n, x) = 1 is not the zero polynomial; lag_coefficient_nonpositive: W_n is not separable with a factor of one sign on (-inf, 0), and the sufficient monomial test (-1)^k [x^k] W_n <= 0 fails for k = 0 (not a disproof): fails at n = 2: [x^0] W_n = 1 there (exact); derivative_or_lag_coefficient_negative: W_n is not separable with a factor of one sign on (-inf, 0), and the sufficient monomial test (-1)^k [x^k] W_n <= 0 fails for k = 0 (not a disproof): fails at n = 2: [x^0] W_n = 1 there (exact)","route":"liu_wang_derivative_lag","success":false,"variant":"liu_wang_derivative_lag"},{"detail":"not applicable: the rule is not f(n) P_n = c_0(n, x) P_(n-1) + gamma(n) (x - L)(x - U) P'_(n-1)","route":"ma_wang_interval","success":false,"variant":"ma_wang_interval"},{"detail":"P_n = A_n(x) P_(n-1) + B_n(x) P_(n-2) for n >= 2, with A_n(x) = (2) + (2) x, B_n(x) = (1) + (2) x: every P_n, n >= 0, is nonzero and real-rooted with every root in (-inf, -1/2] (so its coefficients have one sign); for n >= 1, P_(n-1) interlaces P_n (weakly, in the sense of Liu and Wang), and deg P_n - deg P_(n-1) is 0 or 1 for n >= 2","route":"liu_wang_three_term","success":true,"variant":"liu_wang_three_term"}],"conditional_on":[],"interlacing":{"from_index":1,"justification":{"premises":["every hypothesis of the theorem is verified exactly for every index: P_n = A_n(x) P_(n-1) + B_n(x) P_(n-2) for n >= 2, with A_n(x) = (2) + (2) x, B_n(x) = (1) + (2) x","every P_n, n >= 0, is nonzero and real-rooted with every root in (-inf, -1/2] (so its coefficients have one sign); for n >= 1, P_(n-1) interlaces P_n (weakly, in the sense of Liu and Wang), and deg P_n - deg P_(n-1) is 0 or 1 for n >= 2"],"theorem":"liu_wang_three_term: L. L. Liu and Y. Wang, Adv. Appl. Math. 38 (2007) 542-560, Theorem 2.1 and Corollary 2.4 (A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros; the lag row as the interlacer, b_n = 0), weak interlacing of consecutive rows, with nonnegativity of the coefficients replaced, where a root region is certified, by an exact root-location induction"},"kind":"weak","orientation":"previous_interlaces_next"},"route":"liu_wang_three_term","rows_checked":10,"statement":"every parent row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with coefficients of one sign","status":"proved"},"rows_compared":16,"schema":"polytool.recurrence-preserver-image.v1","statement":"proved: Q_n = lambda(n) T_n(P_(n+0)) with T = ((1) x + (1))^(d_n) P(((1) x + (0))/((1) x + (1))), d_n = 0 + 1 (n - 0) for every n >= 0, the side conditions hold for every n, and every parent row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with coefficients of one sign; so every Q_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with roots in [-1, 0]"},"kind":"preserver_image"}
